Table 1: Multiculturalism Program Evolution

Ethnicity Multi (1970s)

Equity Multi (1980s)

Civic Multi (1990s)

Integrative Multi (2000s)

Focus

Celebrating differences

Managing diversity

Constructive engagement

Inclusive citizenship

Reference Point

Culture

Structure

Society building

Canadian identity

Mandate

Ethnicity

Race relations

Citizenship

Integration

Magnitude

Individual adjustment

Accommodation

Participation

Rights and Responsibilities

Problem Source

Prejudice

Systemic discrimination

Exclusion

Unequal access, “clash” of cultures

Solution

Cultural sensitivity

Employment equity

Inclusiveness

Dialogue/Mutual understanding

Key Metaphor

“Mosaic”

“Level playing field”

“Belonging”

“Harmony/Jazz”