Le Devoir Éditorial | De droit et de dignité et Nicolas | Terrains propices

Starting with Le Devoir’s measured response to the UN special rapporteurs report on “contemporary forms of slavery:”

Un rapporteur spécial de l’ONU persiste et signe dans sa description du Programme des travailleurs étrangers temporaires du Canada. Il s’agit là d’une mesure qui « alimente les formes contemporaines d’esclavage ». Le constat est brutal, bien qu’il soit en droite ligne avec les premières observations formulées il y a près d’un an par le rapporteur, Tomoya Obokata. Reste à savoir ce que les gouvernements fédéral et provinciaux sont prêts à faire pour corriger le « déséquilibre de pouvoir » entre les travailleurs temporaires et leurs employeurs.

Le rapporteur des Nations unies souligne de nombreux facteurs de risques dans le programme fédéral, géré en partenariat avec les provinces, en vertu duquel les employeurs font venir de la main-d’oeuvre bon marché, en majorité dans le secteur agricole au temps des récoltes. Celles-ci prennent les allures d’une corvée peu inspirante pour les populations locales dans un contexte de pénurie de main-d’oeuvre et de transformation du marché de l’emploi vers une économie du savoir. Nous pouvons en dire autant pour d’autres secteurs névralgiques pour notre confort ou nos habitudes de consommation au rabais, tels que la transformation des aliments, l’aide en cuisine, les soins aux aînés. Sans les travailleurs étrangers temporaires, bien des chaînes de production seraient enrayées.

Les inquiétudes du rapporteur de l’ONU portent sur la grande précarité dans laquelle se retrouvent les travailleurs étrangers puisqu’ils séjournent au Canada sur la base d’un permis « fermé » les liant à un employeur exclusif. Si les conditions de travail et d’hébergement ne remplissent pas leurs attentes ou le minimum de la décence, il leur est presque impossible de dénicher un autre boulot, au risque d’être expulsés. Cette situation de dépendance est la mère de tous les abus potentiels relevés par le rapporteur spécial : maltraitance, retenues salariales, horaires excessifs, carences dans la sécurité, l’alimentation et l’hébergement, voire des violences physiques ou sexuelles dans les pires cas.

L’enjeu, qui déborde les frontières du Québec, demeure relativement contenu. Le rapporteur spécial constate avec satisfaction que la majorité des employeurs (94 %) respectent les règles et agissent de bonne foi à l’égard de leurs travailleurs étrangers temporaires. Dans les dernières années, les employeurs et les gouvernements ont multiplié les initiatives pour protéger les droits de cette main-d’oeuvre vulnérable et lui garantir l’accès aux soins de santé.

Il n’en demeure pas moins que le processus d’inspection est pour le moins incomplet. Selon les données du gouvernement fédéral, près de sept inspections sur dix ont été menées en ligne en 2023 et 2024. Moins d’une inspection sur dix a été menée de manière impromptue. Par ailleurs, les freins dans l’accès aux soins de santé, aux conseils syndicaux et à des sites d’hébergement appropriés demeurent d’importantes sources de préoccupation.

Le rapporteur de l’ONU ne s’y trompe pas. La situation décrite dans son rapport est conforme à de nombreux reportages d’enquête, entre autres dans Le Devoir, et aux observations des groupes communautaires qui viennent en aide aux travailleurs temporaires étrangers.

Une des solutions évoquées dans le débat public, soit accorder des permis « ouverts » ou sectoriels aux travailleurs étrangers (des permis qui ne sont pas reliés à un employeur en particulier), ne va pas assez loin aux yeux du rapporteur spécial. Tomoya Obokata suggère plutôt de faciliter le passage vers la résidence permanente, afin de mettre un terme à la « précarité structurelle » de cette main-d’oeuvre particulière. Cela marquerait la fin des permis fermés ou même ouverts.

Le rapporteur spécial justifie son approche en soulignant la contradiction entre le caractère théoriquement temporaire des emplois et le caractère permanent de la demande de main-d’oeuvre. Les programmes de travailleurs étrangers temporaires ont par ailleurs dépassé le cap de la cinquantaine, une autre preuve de leur apport indispensable au marché du travail. Seulement, rien n’indique qu’une accélération du processus menant à la résidence permanente produirait les effets escomptés, autant pour combler les besoins temporaires de main-d’oeuvre que pour assurer un traitement respectueux des droits et de la dignité des travailleurs. Sans compter qu’il s’agit d’un enjeu explosif par les temps qui courent dans les relations intergouvernementales.

Les questions de droit et de dignité devraient tout de même inciter les gouvernements à en faire plus en prévention, en inspection et en sanctions pour les employeurs fautifs, et à sevrer les employeurs des permis fermés là où ils sont encore en vogue. Nous ne pouvons fermer les yeux sur une situation indigne d’un État qui a l’habitude de se contempler dans le miroir de la réussite en matière de respect des droits et libertés fondamentaux. L’esclavage contemporain ne devrait pas faire partie des préoccupations des instances de l’ONU lorsqu’il est question d’ausculter nos pratiques à l’égard des ressortissants précaires et vulnérables.

Translation (Mac)

A UN special rapporteur persists and signs in his description of the Canada Temporary Foreign Worker Program. This is a measure that “feeds contemporary forms of slavery”. The observation is brutal, although it is in line with the first observations made almost a year ago by the rapporteur, Tomoya Obokata. It remains to be seen what the federal and provincial governments are ready to do to correct the “power imbalance” between temporary workers and their employers.

The United Nations rapporteur highlights many risk factors in the federal program, managed in partnership with the provinces, under which employers bring in cheap labor, mostly in the agricultural sector at harvest time. These take on the appearance of an uninspiring chore for local populations in a context of labour shortage and transformation of the job market towards a knowledge economy. We can say the same for other neural sectors for our comfort or discounted consumption habits, such as food processing, kitchen help, care for seniors. Without temporary foreign workers, many production lines would be stopped.

The UN rapporteur’s concerns relate to the great precariousness in which foreign workers find themselves since they stay in Canada on the basis of a “closed” permit linking them to an exclusive employer. If the working and accommodation conditions do not meet their expectations or the minimum of decency, it is almost impossible for them to find another job, at the risk of being expelled. This situation of dependence is the mother of all the potential abuses noted by the special rapporteur: abuse, wage deductions, excessive hours, deficiencies in safety, food and accommodation, or even physical or sexual violence in the worst cases.

The issue, which goes beyond the borders of Quebec, remains relatively contained. The special rapporteur notes with satisfaction that the majority of employers (94%) respect the rules and act in good faith towards their temporary foreign workers. In recent years, employers and governments have multiplied initiatives to protect the rights of this vulnerable workforce and guarantee them access to health care.

The fact remains that the inspection process is incomplete to say the least. According to federal government data, nearly seven out of ten inspections were conducted online in 2023 and 2024. Less than one in ten inspections was conducted impromptuly. In addition, barriers to access to health care, trade union councils and appropriate accommodation sites remain important sources of concern.

The UN rapporteur is not mistaken. The situation described in his report is consistent with many investigative reports, including in Le Devoir, and the observations of community groups that help foreign temporary workers.

One of the solutions mentioned in the public debate, namely to grant “open” or sectoral permits to foreign workers (permits that are not linked to a particular employer), does not go far enough in the eyes of the special rapporteur. Rather, Tomoya Obokata suggests facilitating the transition to permanent residence, in order to put an end to the “structural precariousness” of this particular workforce. This would mark the end of closed or even open permits.

The special rapporteur justifies his approach by highlighting the contradiction between the theoretically temporary nature of jobs and the permanent nature of the demand for labour. Temporary foreign worker programs have also exceeded the fifties, another proof of their essential contribution to the labour market. Only, there is no indication that an acceleration of the process leading to permanent residence would produce the desired effects, both to meet the temporary needs of the workforce and to ensure treatment respectful of the rights and dignity of workers. Not to mention that this is an explosive issue in the current times in intergovernmental relations.

Issues of law and dignity should still encourage governments to do more in prevention, inspection and sanctions for at fault employers, and to wean employers from closed permits where they are still in vogue. We cannot close our eyes to a situation unworthy of a state that is used to contemplating itself in the mirror of success in respect for fundamental rights and freedoms. Contemporary slavery should not be one of the concerns of UN authorities when it comes to ausculting our practices towards precarious and vulnerable nationals.

Source: Éditorial | De droit et de dignité

Émilie Nicolas on the limits of reporting abuse:

T’as juste à porter plainte. C’était le titre du documentaire de Léa Clermont-Dion sur le parcours des victimes d’agressions sexuelles au sein du système de justice. Ça pourrait tout aussi bien être le titre d’un autre documentaire, qui porterait plutôt sur les travailleurs étrangers temporaires qui voudraient dénoncer le mauvais traitement d’un employeur.

Les victimes d’agressions sexuelles et les travailleurs temporaires étrangers maltraités correspondent bien sûr à deux groupes différents, vivant des réalités sociales et politiques qui leur sont propres. Le rapprochement que je fais ici, c’est que dans un cas comme dans l’autre, nous avons affaire à des situations où, en théorie, sur papier, tout le monde a des droits ; mais où, en pratique, s’en prévaloir est extrêmement complexe. Partout dans la société, lorsqu’on a affaire à des systèmes où tout va bien jusqu’à preuve du contraire, et où c’est à une personne socialement précaire de faire la démonstration du contraire, on s’expose à des risques élevés de violence et d’injustice systémiques.

Le titre T’as juste à porter plainte m’est revenu en tête cette semaine alors que je prenais connaissance du rapport final du rapporteur spécial de l’ONU sur les formes contemporaines d’esclavage, y compris leurs causes et leurs conséquences, à la suite de sa visite au Canada. Les conclusions de Tomoya Obokata sont claires : les programmes des travailleurs étrangers temporaires du Canada sont un terrain propice aux formes contemporaines d’esclavage. Lorsqu’une une déclaration aussi choc est lancée par l’ONU, il est important de chercher à la comprendre. Soulignons deux principaux éléments :

1. Le rapporteur spécial dénonce un régime déficient d’inspection du travail. « De manière générale, les inspections sont menées après le dépôt d’une plainte, explique Obokata, et certains lieux de travail où des abus commis peuvent échapper à toute inspection. » Mais le problème va plus loin : 69 % des inspections sont menées de manière virtuelle, et seulement 9 % des inspections sont exécutées sans que l’employeur ait été prévenu. En bref, t’as juste à porter plainte, sans quoi il n’y a pas vraiment en place de système qui permet de prévenir et d’intervenir en cas d’abus. Et même si tu portes plainte, la manière dont la plainte sera traitée sera très probablement tout à l’avantage de l’employeur.

2. Si porter plainte est vain, t’as juste à changer d’emploi, pourrait-on dire. Sauf que là aussi, la réalité est plus complexe. Le système de permis de travail rattaché à un employeur est dénoncé depuis des années, mais il subsiste. Si un travailleur peut être menacé d’expulsion vers son pays d’origine par un employeur, on crée nécessairement un climat propice aux abus.

Bien sûr, il existe certains recours qui permettent de changer d’emploi même avec un permis dit « fermé ». Encore faut-il être capable de bien naviguer, avec ses délais de traitement, ses coûts, sa paperasse. Une personne peu scolarisée, qui maîtrise mal le français, qui connaît peu ses droits ou qui n’a simplement pas les ressources pour faire face au système est plus à risque d’être intimidée par un employeur abusif. C’est beaucoup ça, la fonction publique canadienne, lorsqu’on est dans le pays avec un statut temporaire : lorsque nos droits ne sont accessibles qu’après avoir passé par des étapes bureaucratiques dignes des Douze travaux d’Astérix, nos droits restent théoriques.

Pourquoi, donc, le rapporteur de l’ONU parle de « terrain propice aux formes contemporaines d’esclavage » ? Imaginons une travailleuse domestique qui connaît mal le système canadien et qui vit du harcèlement ou même d’autres formes de violence sexuelle de la part de son employeur, lequel la menace de déportation. Cette femme a une famille qui dépend financièrement d’elle dans son pays d’origine. T’as juste à porter plainte, t’as juste à changer d’emploi. C’est plus facilement dit que fait. Un travailleur agricole qui serait mal logé ou mal nourri par son employeur peut se retrouver dans un terrain tout aussi « propice » aux sérieux dérapages, pour reprendre les mots du rapport de l’ONU.

La situation n’est pas nouvelle, et des organismes de défense de droit dénoncent le problème année après année. Si bien que le gouvernement fédéral envisage désormais différentes réformes à ses programmes. Alors que nous amorçons une année électorale, et que les libéraux sont au pouvoir depuis 2015, permettez-moi d’avancer que si Ottawa tenait tant que ça à ces réformes, elles seraient déjà en place.

De manière générale, parler de terrain propice à l’esclavage moderne au Canada en 2024 met en lumière la manière dont les systèmes d’exploitation se sont raffinés au fil des décennies. Dans un passé pas si lointain, et encore aujourd’hui dans bien d’autres pays dans le monde, on a affaire à des lois qui normalisent des formes de maltraitance. Ici, nous avons une Charte des droits et libertés de la personne, des codes du travail, un système de justice qui devraient, en théorie, protéger les gens. En pratique, ce sont les inégalités de pouvoir monstre entre les personnes qui rendent le droit inaccessible pour les uns et manipulable pour les autres.

Si ton droit de vivre au Canada dépend de la volonté d’un autre citoyen canadien, tu avances sur un « terrain propice à l’exploitation ». Si les institutions se lavent les mains de ta sécurité à moins que tu aies l’assurance et les ressources nécessaires à une dénonciation, les institutions n’existent pour ainsi dire pas pour toi.

La même logique s’applique à d’autres éléments de la société, dont la question des victimes de violence familiale. Lorsque les femmes dépendent financièrement de leur conjoint, les probabilités qu’elles portent plainte ou quittent leur foyer en cas d’abus diminuent radicalement. Structurellement parlant, les inégalités de statut et les inégalités économiques créent des problèmes d’accès à la justice. Tant que ces inégalités subsisteront, et même s’accroîtront dans certains cas, on se retrouvera avec des situations où l’exploitation — sous différentes formes — est tout à fait possible. Et ce, même dans un pays où, sur papier, les droits de la personne sont protégés.

Translation:

You just have to file a complaint. This was the title of Léa Clermont-Dion’s documentary on the journey of victims of sexual assault within the justice system. It could just as well be the title of another documentary, which would rather focus on temporary foreign workers who would like to denounce the mistreatment of an employer.

Victims of sexual assault and abused foreign temporary workers of course correspond to two different groups, living in their own social and political realities. The connection I make here is that in either case, we are dealing with situations where, in theory, on paper, everyone has rights; but where, in practice, taking advantage of them is extremely complex. Everywhere in society, when we are dealing with systems where everything goes well until proven otherwise, and where it is up to a socially precarious person to demonstrate the opposite, we expose ourselves to high risks of systemic violence and injustice.

The title You just have to file a complaint came back to my mind this week as I read the final report of the UN Special Rapporteur on contemporary forms of slavery, including their causes and consequences, following his visit to Canada. Tomoya Obokata’s conclusions are clear: Canada’s temporary foreign workers’ programs are a breeding ground for contemporary forms of slavery. When such a shocking declaration is launched by the UN, it is important to seek to understand it. Let’s highlight two main elements:

  1. The special rapporteur denounces a deficient labour inspection regime. “In general, inspections are carried out after the filing of a complaint,” explains Obokata, “and some workplaces where abuses committed can escape inspection. But the problem goes further: 69% of inspections are carried out virtually, and only 9% of inspections are carried out without the employer having been notified. In short, you just have to file a complaint, otherwise there is not really a system in place that allows you to prevent and intervene in the event of abuse. And even if you file a complaint, the way the complaint will be handled will most likely be to the advantage of the employer.
  2. If filing a complaint is vain, you just have to change jobs, we could say. Except that here too, the reality is more complex. The work permit system attached to an employer has been denounced for years, but it remains. If a worker can be threatened with expulsion to his country of origin by an employer, a climate conducive to abuse is necessarily created.

Of course, there are certain remedies that allow you to change jobs even with a so-called “closed” permit. It is still necessary to be able to navigate well, with its processing times, its costs, its paperwork. A person with little education, who has a poor command of French, who knows little about his rights or who simply does not have the resources to cope with the system is more at risk of being intimidated by an abusive employer. That’s a lot, the Canadian public service, when we are in the country with a temporary status: when our rights are only accessible after going through bureaucratic stages worthy of the Twelve Works of Asterix, our rights remain theoretical.

Why, then, does the UN rapporteur speak of “land conducive to contemporary forms of slavery”? Imagine a domestic worker who is not familiar with the Canadian system and who lives from harassment or even other forms of sexual violence from her employer, who threatens her with deportation. This woman has a family that is financially dependent on her in her country of origin. You just have to file a complaint, you just have to change jobs. It’s easier said than done. An agricultural worker who would be poorly housed or poorly fed by his employer may find himself in land just as “conduitive” to serious skids, to use the words of the UN report.

The situation is not new, and law defense organizations denounce the problem year after year. So the federal government is now considering various reforms to its programs. As we begin an election year, and the Liberals have been in power since 2015, let me say that if Ottawa cared so much about these reforms, they would already be in place.

In general, talking about the ground conducive to modern slavery in Canada in 2024 highlights how operating systems have been refined over the decades. In the not-so-distant past, and still today in many other countries around the world, we are dealing with laws that standardize forms of abuse. Here, we have a Charter of Human Rights and Freedoms, labor codes, a system of justice that should, in theory, protect people. In practice, it is the inequalities of monster power between people that make the law inaccessible for some and manipulable for others.

If your right to live in Canada depends on the will of another Canadian citizen, you are moving forward on a “land conducive to exploitation”. If institutions wash their hands of your safety unless you have the assurance and resources necessary for a denunciation, institutions do not exist for you.

The same logic applies to other elements of society, including the issue of victims of domestic violence. When women depend financially on their spouse, the likelihood of them filing a complaint or leaving their home in the event of abuse decreases radically. Structurally speaking, inequalities in status and economic inequalities create problems of access to justice. As long as these inequalities persist, and even increase in some cases, we will find ourselves with situations where exploitation – in different forms – is quite possible. And this, even in a country where, on paper, human rights are protected.

Source: Chronique | Terrains propices

LILLEY: Trudeau changed foreign workers program at your expense

Valid critique with some humour:

The Trudeau Liberals are channeling Captain Louis Renault as they react in shock to problems with Canada’s temporary foreign worker program. Movie fans will know Captain Renault as the corrupt police chief in Casablanca.

After Captain Renault barges into Rick’s Cafe — more of a nightclub and casino — Rick Blaine, played by Humphrey Bogart, walks up and asks on what grounds his establishment is being shut down.

“I’m shocked, shocked to find out that gambling is going on in here,” Captain Renault says.

“Your winnings sir,” says a card dealer handing money to Renault, who thanks him and continues his bust.

The Liberals are Captain Renault, guilty of gambling in the illegal casino and now threatening to throw everyone out. It was the Trudeau Liberals who changed the rules to ramp up Canada’s temporary foreign workers program and now they are promising to punish anyone abusing it, using the rules they changed.

“Abuse and misuse of the TFW program must end,” Employment Minister Randy Boissonnault said last week.

“Bad actors are taking advantage of people and compromising the program for legitimate businesses. We are putting more reforms in place to stop misuse and fraud from entering the TFW program.”

The number of people coming in under the TFW program has been ramping up for years, especially under the Trudeau Liberals. Conservative Leader Pierre Poilievre, who was employment minister in 2015, called this out during a recent news conference.

“Trudeau has destroyed our entire immigration system, and he has expanded our temporary foreign worker program by well over 200% at a time when we’re losing jobs,” Poilievre said during an event at Stelco Steel in Hamilton last Friday.

Poilievre noted that when he was responsible for that program there were only 60,000 people admitted under the TFW program but now that number is near 200,000.

“On top of that, you have international students who are effectively temporary foreign workers who came under the wrong stream.”

There was a time, let’s call it 2014, when Justin Trudeau was leader of the third party in Parliament, that he railed against this program. Trudeau said the Harper government was allowing the program to drive down wages of Canadians.

“The government has allowed the temporary foreign worker program to become a force that drives down wages across the country and takes advantage of vulnerable people from abroad,” Trudeau said in April 2014.

Even as recently as this past April, Trudeau was saying that out of control immigration was hurting wages.

“Increasingly, more and more businesses are relying on temporary foreign workers in a way that is driving down wages in some sectors,” Trudeau said five months ago.

If only he knew someone who could do something about this!

He truly is Captain Renault, shocked that there is gambling going on and pocketing his winnings at the same time.

It was Trudeau who changed the rules in April of 2022 to allow a massive deregulation of the program. Under the changes announced then, seasonal industries could hire under the TFW for the full year while the cap on an employer having only 10% of their workforce come from the TFW program was lifted to 20% in most industries but higher in others.

The feds raised the cap to 30% for manufacturing, food and accommodations, hospitals and nursing homes. They also got rid of a stipulation that if unemployment was above 6% then TFW approval would not be granted.

“This was a deliberate move by the federal government to suppress wage growth for low-income Canadians, and increase the number of temporary workers, who have much weaker labour rights than permanent residents,” Mike Moffat posted on X last week.

Moffat is an academic and self-styled progressive who has advised the Trudeau government and worked for the Canada 2020 think tank that is closely tied to the PM. That’s what makes Moffat’s criticism sting so much for the Liberals.

That and the fact that he pointed out these changes were announced less than two weeks after the coalition deal with the NDP was announced.

The Trudeau Liberals say they are there for the little guy, the middle class and those working hard to join it. If actions speak louder than words then that is clearly not true, by the PM’s own admission, his policies are driving down wages for low-income Canadians.

Now he’s claiming he’s shocked, don’t believe him.

Source: LILLEY: Trudeau changed foreign workers program at your expense

Op-ed from Moffatt:

Moffatt: Justin Trudeau’s government radically transformed Canada’s temporary foreign worker program. Young people and low wage workers are paying the price

If you know a young person who struggled to find a summer job they are not alone. This has been the worst summer on record for youth employment outside of the pandemic. Many factors — from a weak economy to a population boom of young people — are at play with one of the largest being the federal government’s 2022 decision to deregulate the low-wage stream of the temporary foreign worker program.

On April 4, 2022, a mere 13 days after the Liberals and NDP signed their Supply and Confidence Agreement, the federal government announced arguably the largest deregulation of the Temporary Foreign Worker program in Canadian history. The program’s low-wage stream, which allows employers not in the agricultural industry (they have a separate stream) to bring in workers and pay them wages under the provincial median (currently $28.39 in Ontario), was radically transformed. The government removed the rule that employers could only bring in workers in some low-wage occupations if the local unemployment rate was less than six per cent allowing firms in areas of high unemployment to access the program. Companies had been limited to having only 10 per cent of their workforce be low-wage temporary foreign workers; this was raised to 20 per cent. In seven sectors, including accommodation and food services, this was raised to 30 per cent.

Mike Moffatt is the Senior Director of the Smart Prosperity Institute and co-host of the podcast The Missing Middle.

Source: Justin Trudeau’s government radically transformed Canada’s temporary foreign worker program. Young people and low wage workers are paying the price

Canada’s foreign worker program ‘breeding ground’ for modern slavery: report

Not that surprising that little change from the interim report. Still find the language overly dramatic and over stated in describing the abuse:

A recently released international report says Canada’s temporary foreign worker program is a “breeding ground” for contemporary slavery.

The final report by a United Nations special rapporteur who visited Canada last year says a power imbalance prevents workers from exercising their rights.

A worker’s status is dependent on a closed work permit that is specific to their employer. If an individual is fired, they may be deported from Canada.

Workers are subject to a wide range of abuses and aren’t always aware of their rights, the report says.

It notes the government puts much of the responsibility for informing workers about their rights on the employer, “despite the obvious conflict of interest.”

Special rapporteur Tomoya Obokata cites reports of issues including wage theft, long working hours with limited breaks and insufficient personal protective equipment.

The report also notes allegations of sexual harassment and exploitation, along with physical, emotional and verbal abuse.

Obokata also found that workers have difficulty accessing health care.

In some cases, employers prevented people from seeking treatment, the report says, with some workers denied the necessary time off, encouraged to “take painkillers or home remedies instead” or even fired.

The report notes that rules implemented in 2022 require employers to make a reasonable effort to provide workers with access to health care if they are ill or injured.

It also points out that many employers end up providing housing for their workers. That can result in overcrowding, such as 20 to 30 people sharing a single washroom, it says.

The report calls for Canada to “end labour migration arrangements that foster exploitation by creating dependency situations that tie workers to their employers” and in which employers control the worker’s housing, health care and status.

The number of permits under the program increased 88 per cent from 2019 to 2023, though Ottawa recently indicated it plans to reduce the number of such workers in Canada.

Mathis Denis, a spokesperson for Employment Minister Randy Boissonnault, said the government has increased fines for employer non-compliance under the program. He said the government levied $2.1 million in fines for violating program rules last fiscal year, up from $1.54 million issued the previous year.

He said the minister is considering increasing fees to pay for “additional integrity and processing activities,” and is looking to put in place new regulations covering employer eligibility.

Source: Canada’s foreign worker program ‘breeding ground’ for modern slavery: report

ICYMI: Trudeau’s plan to reduce temporary immigration risks economic harm: business groups

Could hardly expect her to welcome any restrictions, even if all the evidence points to the need:

Canada’s independent business advocate says Prime Minister Justin Trudeau’s plan to reduce temporary immigration risks dire economic consequences, underscoring the pressures the government is facing as it tries to slow population growth.

Nancy Healey, who holds a government post knows as commissioner for employers, penned a letter to three of Trudeau’s cabinet ministers warning that a plan to cut temporary residents by 20% over three years is likely to make it harder for firms to grow.

“In the context of the current and future labor shortages that Canada will experience, it is crucial not to reduce the labor pool,” she said in the Aug. 1 letter, which was signed by business groups including the Canadian Chamber of Commerce and Canadian Federation of Independent Business. “Such a reduction would have catastrophic economic consequences for companies and limit their growth potential.”

A surge in temporary residents — including international students, foreign workers and asylum seekers — pushed Canada’s population growth rate to 3.2%, one of the world’s fastest. The influx of new arrivals exacerbated a housing shortage and helped sink Trudeau’s popularity.

The government is already implementing a cap on student visas, and businesses fear the government will next shrink the program that allows them to bring in temporary employees, said Healey.

Indeed, Employment Minister Randy Boissonnault told business groups on Tuesday he intends to limit their use of temp workers — a program that has drawn mounting criticism for allowing fraud and abuse.

The number of temporary foreign workers in Canada has continued to grow even as the unemployment rate rises — it reached 6.4% in June, 13.5% for the youngest workers. Temporary foreign workers have increasingly been recruited for low-wage, unskilled jobs, including in retail stores and restaurants.

Healey defended the program in the letter, calling it “much maligned despite the rigor that has characterized it for many years,” driven by “unsubstantiated anecdotes.” The system requires employers to advertise jobs to Canadians before seeking a foreign worker, to pay market wages and to take part in a compliance regime that protects against abuse, she said.

She urged the government to maintain the number of workers admitted under the program, speed up approval times and avoid increasing the C$1,000 ($727.5) fee for permit applications, already costly for small businesses.

Business groups have long raised alarm about Canada’s aging population and low birth rates, a phenomenon experienced by many advanced economies. Healey pointed to a Royal Bank of Canada report that said 46% of projected structural labor shortages are in occupations that don’t need a university or college education, but instead require “occupation-specific” or on-the-job training.

“We need better paths for newcomers to come and stay in Canada,” Healey said in the letter. “It is clear that immigration streams that attach a job offer to the application result in improved outcomes.”

While business groups have a right to lobby the government, what’s good for businesses isn’t necessarily good for the economy, said Mikal Skuterud, a labor economist at the University of Waterloo.

Labor shortages are challenging for firms, but they can spur competitive wages and investments in equipment and technology — which is particularly important as Canada grapples with poor productivity, he said.

“I’m not saying it’s not difficult for businesses sometimes — for sure it is,” he said. “But the idea that this is some kind of an economic crisis the government has to respond to is really economic nonsense.”

Source: Trudeau’s plan to reduce temporary immigration risks economic harm: business groups

Globe editorial: Fraud in the temporary worker program isn’t the problem. The rules that rig the labour market are

Indeed. Not seeing much impact yet in numbers in government rolling back some of the earlier ill-advised facilitation under former immigration minister Fraser and his DMs:

…As is the case with much of the immigration file, the Liberals have moved only slowly to undo what have become clearly damaging changes. Last October, the government decreased the validity period for labour market impact assessments to 12 months, when the national unemployment rate had hit 5.7 per cent, up from 5.1 per cent in the spring of 2022.

In March, the validity period was reduced to six months, a belated recognition of the realities of the labour market. At the same time, the government said only two sectors would still be allowed to use foreign workers for up to 30 per cent of their workforce. But it kept in place the 20-per-cent rule for all other sectors, despite rising unemployment.

On Tuesday, Employment Minister Randy Boissonnault hinted that further tightening may be on the way, as he announced several anti-fraud measures. Of course, companies who abuse the rules and their workers should be punished.

But the real problem with the low-wage temporary foreign worker program is not abuse of the rules – it’s the rules themselves. The press release from Mr. Boisonnault’s office boldly stated that the temporary foreign worker program “is designed as an extraordinary measure to be used when a qualified Canadian is not able to fill a job vacancy.”

That may have been the case once. But now that is demonstrably untrue – and a slap in the face to unemployed workers struggling to find a job while the Liberal government allows businesses to continue to import cheap labour.

Source: Fraud in the temporary worker program isn’t the problem. The rules that rig the labour market are

‘A new kind of slavery’: Skyrocketing use of temporary foreign workers in restaurants and fast food chains has advocates concerned

Alternate header: Restaurants rely on cheap foreign labour undermining wages:

Source: ‘A new kind of slavery’: Skyrocketing use of temporary foreign workers in restaurants and fast food chains has advocates concerned

Conservative leader Pierre Poilievre would be OK with permanent resident status for foreign workers, with conditions

Not exactly a bankable commitment. The devil will be in the details:

…Poilievre said he will consider permanent status for migrant workers under some specific conditions.

“I am open to it for people who have come legally, who have worked the entire time that they have been here (and) who have, or are learning one of the two official languages,” he said.

“In principle I have no problem with the idea of temporary foreign workers who have proven themselves to be strong, net contributors to our country staying permanently and becoming members of the Canadian family,” he added.

Source: Conservative leader Pierre Poilievre would be OK with permanent resident status for foreign workers, with conditions

Ottawa signals tougher rules for Temporary Foreign Worker Program

Waiting for the details of this needed corrective action:

…The federal government said these moves were aimed at easing labour shortages, although many economists criticized the policies over the potential for wage suppression and exploitation of foreign workers, who have weaker labour rights than permanent residents and Canadians.

Employers have subsequently ramped up their recruitment of foreign labour, particularly in the low-wage stream. Cooks, food counter attendants and construction workers are among the low-wage employees in high demand.

At the end of 2023, nearly 190,000 people held valid work permits through the TFW program, an increase of 157 per cent from 2019. The program accounts for a small portion of temporary foreign labour in the country; for example, international students and people with postgraduate work permits are a large and growing cohort of workers in the Canadian economy.

The country’s soaring population growth – largely fuelled by temporary immigration – is colliding with a weakening labour market. The unemployment rate has risen to 6.4 per cent, and it’s taking longer for recent immigrants and young people to find jobs.

Tuesday’s news release said the government is applying “a stricter and more rigorous oversight” of employer applications to use the TFW program and when conducting inspections of companies using such labour.

Source: Ottawa signals tougher rules for Temporary Foreign Worker Program

Keller: Canada is about to lose more than 100,000 farming jobs. That’s great economic news

More on innovation, productivity and immigration:

….Back in 1891, it would have called for a large (and mostly poorly paid) work force. Progress since then has been remarkable, spurred by massive investments in labour-saving farming equipment and technology. The Conference Board study predicts more of the same.

All of which should be a reminder that labour shortages and rising wages have economic benefits. Yes, benefits. They are the mother of business innovation and investment, because they force businesses to chase ever greater labour productivity. Particularly when it comes to low-wage jobs, a tight labour market and upward pressure on pay should be the goal of government policy.

However, Canadian businesses in recent years persuaded Ottawa that, no matter the state of the economy or the level of unemployment, they can’t fill hundreds of thousands of low-wage jobs. But these alleged labour shortages are mostly just businesses facing the pressure to compete for workers by raising wages.

Those pressures have been alleviated by allowing businesses to recruit an effectively unlimited number of temporary foreign workers, at the lowest legal wage, or less. Absent that low-wage release valve, businesses would have to innovate and invest more in new technologies to use less labour, and get more out of each hour of (increasingly expensive) labour.

That’s how we raise productivity. That’s how we grow the economy….

Source: Canada is about to lose more than 100,000 farming jobs. That’s great economic news

Why the health-care sector is hiring temporary foreign workers like never before

Of note. More justifiable than fast food service workers and managers:

Persistent staffing shortages in the health-care sector across Canada in the wake of the pandemic have led some organizations, including some provincial government agencies, to increasingly call upon temporary foreign workers to fill positions in clinics, hospitals and senior care facilities across the country.

While health-care still represents a small fraction of the overall temporary foreign worker program, federal data analyzed by CBC News shows the government greenlighted the hiring of 4,336 health-care workers last year — up from 447 such positions in 2018. Health-care occupations represented roughly two per cent of the total temporary foreign worker positions that were approved in 2023.

A large share of that growth was driven by an uptick in approvals of nurse aides, orderlies and patient service associates. There were 2,514 such approvals last year, up from just 16 in 2018.

But employers have also turned to the program to fill other positions, such as nurses (612 positions approved, up from 65 in 2018) and family doctors (216 positions approved, up from 72 in 2018).

“I think this is another example of the overall health-care workforce crisis,” said Ivy Bourgeault, who leads the Canadian Health Workforce Network, a network of researchers who study issues facing health workers. She said staffing shortages driven by burnout and attrition have employers turning to increasingly novel means to bring in new workers.

The uptick in health-care hiring is reflected in the number of positions approved through labour market impact assessments (LMIAs), which employers need to prove there’s no one in Canada available to take a job before they can hire a temporary foreign worker. …

Source: Why the health-care sector is hiring temporary foreign workers like never before