Canada to pause approval of temporary foreign workers for low-wage jobs in Montreal

Of note. Will be interesting to see the details of which groups most affected (e.g., fast food restaurants or personal support workers):

Canada will freeze the approval of new temporary foreign workers in low-wage jobs in the Montreal area starting in September, CBC News has learned.

A senior government source said the processing of Labour Market Impact Assessment (LMIA) applications will be suspended for six months, starting on Sept. 3, for job offers with wages below $27.47 per hour — currently Quebec’s median hourly wage.

The decision is expected to be made public on Tuesday.

Premier François Legault and Quebec Immigration Minister Christine Fréchette are scheduled to make an announcement about the temporary foreign worker program tomorrow at 10 a.m.

Low-wage temporary foreign workers in Quebec must both be approved by the province and have their employer’s LMIA application approved by the federal Immigration Ministry.

Ottawa says the move is an attempt to “ensure the integrity of the temporary foreign worker (TFW) program” which is designed to be used when workers already in Canada aren’t able to fill vacancies.

Quebec Premier François Legault has been asking Ottawa to curb temporary immigration in the province for months.

Canada will freeze for six months the approval of new temporary foreign workers in low-wage jobs in the Montreal area starting in September, CBC News has learned. The announcement is expected Tuesday morning.

Source: Canada to pause approval of temporary foreign workers for low-wage jobs in Montreal

Où sont passées les clés de notre système d’immigration ?

Good article in La Presse (translation below):

Aujourd’hui, le Canada perd la face sur la scène internationale.

La mécanique qui permet aux employeurs canadiens de faire venir des travailleurs étrangers à bas salaire crée un « terreau fertile » pour l’esclavage contemporain, déplorait le rapporteur spécial l’ONU, Tomoya Obokata, cette semaine1.

Le constat est dur. Mais il ne révèle qu’une partie du problème. En fait, le Canada a perdu le contrôle de l’immigration temporaire.

Au fil des ans, Ottawa comme Québec ont laissé émerger un système d’immigration à deux vitesses, dans la plus grande hypocrisie.

Devant les projecteurs, Québec impose des plafonds chiffrés et des critères précis pour l’immigration permanente. « En prendre moins, mais en prendre soin », clamait la Coalition avenir Québec (CAQ) quand elle a été élue pour la première fois. 

Mais en coulisses, le gouvernement laisse entrer sans compter les résidents non permanents qui ont été trois fois plus nombreux à arriver au Québec (174 000) que les permanents (52 800), en 2023.

Devant les micros, Québec fait grand cas de l’augmentation des demandeurs d’asile. Il est vrai que la province fait plus que sa part et on se réjouit de voir Ottawa réfléchir à un plan pour mieux répartir l’effort à travers le pays. Mais Québec se garde bien de dire que la croissance dans les autres catégories de résidents non permanents (étudiants, travailleurs temporaires) a été encore plus forte (+44 %) que celle des demandeurs d’asile (+37 %) depuis un an.

Cela fait l’affaire des cégeps et universités sous-financés par l’État, qui ont trouvé là un filon pour regarnir leurs coffres et maintenir en vie des programmes en manque d’étudiants locaux. Cela fait aussi le bonheur des employeurs, qui veulent des bras pour accomplir des tâches ingrates au salaire minimum.

Mais pour l’ensemble de la société, c’est contre-productif.

Qu’à cela ne tienne, Québec et Ottawa ont accordé une série d’assouplissements, sans considérer leur effet cumulatif, qui a fait exploser l’immigration temporaire depuis 2015.

Ils ont en quelque sorte donné les clés de notre système d’immigration aux établissements d’enseignement et aux employeurs qui déterminent le nombre et le profil des étrangers qui arrivent chez nous, selon leurs besoins à eux.

Cela a fait dévier le système d’immigration de son objectif d’attirer des travailleurs qualifiés. Et c’est ainsi qu’on se retrouve avec un niveau de vie à la baisse, comme en témoigne le PIB par habitant, qui descend depuis plusieurs trimestres.

Le ministre fédéral de l’Immigration essaie maintenant de remettre le dentifrice dans le tube. En mars, Marc Miller a annoncé son intention de réduire d’environ 20 %, d’ici trois ans, le nombre d’immigrants temporaires qui atteint 2,8 millions au Canada.

Ce ne sera pas simple.

Va-t-on leur montrer la porte ? Il y a un risque que les non-résidents qui perdent leur permis restent au Canada quand même, sans papiers, un statut qui peut mener à des abus encore pires. Et cela ne réduirait pas le nombre d’étrangers sur le sol canadien… à moins de mettre en place un système de déportation à l’américaine. Franchement, ça ne serait pas chic.

Va-t-on leur accorder la résidence permanente en vrac ? Cela ferait en sorte que des immigrants temporaires qui n’ont pas le meilleur profil passeraient devant les candidats plus qualifiés. Pas fort. 

Remarquez, on pourrait aussi relever les plafonds d’immigration permanente pour leur faire de la place. Mais dans ce cas, on ne réduirait pas réellement la croissance de la population.

On le voit, il n’y a pas de solution magique pour diminuer rapidement le nombre de non-résidants déjà au Canada.

Voilà pourquoi il est crucial d’agir en amont, en resserrant les critères d’immigration temporaire.

Auparavant, les demandes d’immigration permanente étaient acheminées de l’étranger. Quand les immigrants étaient acceptés au Canada, ils entraient par la grande porte, avec des services structurés. 

Désormais, les étudiants et les travailleurs arrivent avec un statut temporaire, dans l’espoir de rester à long terme. On ne peut plus continuer avec ce système à deux étapes qui crée des frustrations et des goulots d’étranglement.

Il est crucial de mieux arrimer les immigrations temporaire et permanente, qui sont des vases communicants.

Il est aussi nécessaire de sevrer graduellement les employeurs de la main-d’œuvre étrangère à bas coût, une solution de dernier recours. C’est une chose de recruter des travailleurs saisonniers dans le secteur agricole. C’en est une autre quand le secteur manufacturier, la restauration ou le commerce de détail pourvoient avec des immigrants temporaires… des postes permanents.

Le recours trop facile à la main-d’œuvre bon marché peut avoir l’effet pervers de freiner les investissements en technologie et en machinerie qui permettraient d’améliorer la productivité du Québec, souligne un rapport de l’Institut du Québec2.

Il est temps de donner un bon tour de vis à l’immigration temporaire.

Québec, qui a favorisé abondamment le recours aux immigrants à bas salaire, a le devoir de présenter une vision d’ensemble, claire et logique. Il ne suffit pas d’attendre les mesures d’Ottawa pour ensuite crier à la victime en réclamant les pleins pouvoirs.

Source: Où sont passées les clés de notre système d’immigration ?

Today, Canada is losing face on the international scene.

The mechanism that allows Canadian employers to bring in low-wage foreign workers creates a “fertile breeding ground” for contemporary slavery, lamented the UN Special Rapporteur, Tomoya Obokata, this week1.

The observation is hard. But it only reveals part of the problem. In fact, Canada has lost control of temporary immigration.

Over the years, both Ottawa and Quebec City have allowed a two-speed immigration system to emerge, in the greatest hypocrisy.

In the spotlight, Quebec City imposes numerical ceilings and precise criteria for permanent immigration. “Take less, but take care of it,” said the Coalition avenir Québec (CAQ) when it was first elected.

But behind the scenes, the government lets in without counting non-permanent residents who were three times more likely to arrive in Quebec (174,000) than permanent residents (52,800), in 2023.

In front of the microphones, Quebec City makes a big case for the increase in asylum seekers. It is true that the province is doing more than its part and we are delighted to see Ottawa thinking about a plan to better distribute the effort across the country. But Quebec is careful not to say that growth in other categories of non-permanent residents (students, temporary workers) has been even stronger (+44%) than that of asylum seekers (+37%) over the past year.

This is the case of CEgeps and universities underfunded by the state, who have found there a vein to replenish their chests and keep programs alive in need of local students. It also makes employers happy, who want arms to perform ungrateful tasks at the minimum wage.

But for society as a whole, it is counterproductive.

Never mind, Quebec and Ottawa have granted a series of relaxations, without considering their cumulative effect, which has exploded temporary immigration since 2015.

They have somehow given the keys to our immigration system to educational institutions and employers who determine the number and profile of foreigners who arrive with us, according to their needs.

This has diverted the immigration system from its objective of attracting skilled workers. And this is how we find ourselves with a declining standard of living, as evidenced by GDP per capita, which has been falling for several quarters.

The Federal Minister of Immigration is now trying to put the toothpaste back in the tube. In March, Marc Miller announced his intention to reduce by about 20%, within three years, the number of temporary immigrants to reach 2.8 million in Canada.

It won’t be easy.

Will we show them the door? There is a risk that non-residents who lose their license will still remain in Canada, without papers, a status that can lead to even worse abuses. And this would not reduce the number of foreigners on Canadian soil… unless an American-style deportation system is set up. Frankly, it wouldn’t be chic.

Will they be granted permanent residence in bulk? This would ensure that temporary immigrants who do not have the best profile would pass in front of more qualified candidates. Not strong.

Note, we could also raise the permanent immigration ceilings to make room for them. But in this case, population growth would not really be reduced.

As we can see, there is no magic solution to quickly reduce the number of non-residents already in Canada.

This is why it is crucial to act upstream, tightening the criteria for temporary immigration.

Previously, permanent immigration applications were sent from abroad. When immigrants were accepted into Canada, they entered through the big door, with structured services.

From now on, students and workers arrive with a temporary status, in the hope of staying in the long term. We can no longer continue with this two-step system that creates frustrations and bottlenecks.

It is crucial to better stick up temporary and permanent immigration, which are communicating vessels.

It is also necessary to gradually wean employers of low-cost foreign labor, a solution of last resort. It is one thing to recruit seasonal workers in the agricultural sector. It is another when the manufacturing sector, catering or retail supply temporary immigrants… permanent positions.

The too easy use of cheap labor can have the perverse effect of slowing down investments in technology and machinery that would improve Quebec’s productivity, says a report from the Institut du Québec2.

It’s time to give a good turn of the screw to temporary immigration.

Quebec, which has widely favored the use of low-wage immigrants, has a duty to present an overall, clear and logical vision. It is not enough to wait for Ottawa’s measures and then shout to the victim by demanding full powers.

John Ivison: How do the Liberals fix skyrocketing immigration? By lowering the entry standards

Beyond the header and the analysis, there is a need for a number of lower-skilled immigrants, both temporary and permanent. The question revolves around the level and the percentage of all immigrants and of course, many family class and refugees already provide a source of lower skilled levels, as does the Provincial Nominee Program in some cases.

Hopefully, the annual immigration plan will provide some clarity and not result in any further deskilling of economic immigrants as Skuterud fears.

But all too true about the aversion of the government to deport visa overstayers and undocumented migrants, noting correctly that “every single one has the potential to be a front-page Toronto Star sob story.”

…But the growth in college-level foreign student enrolments and the expansion of the low wage stream of temporary workers mean there are many migrants who would not meet the requirements of the skills-based points system.

Ottawa has now revealed its solution — that from this fall, it will create a new economic class of permanent residency candidates for people with high school education or less, who would not otherwise have qualified to stay.

Mikal Skuterud, a professor of economics at the University of Waterloo, said this is a first for Canada. He said he believes the measure is, at least in part, a “release valve” to address the bulging population of visa overstayers.

“Many of these non-permanent residents will never obtain skilled jobs and the current economic class selection system makes it difficult to prioritize applicants working in less-skilled jobs over high-skilled applicants. That’s the trade-off being made to avoid a growing undocumented population,” he said.

It is not clear yet how many of the 300,000 slots allocated for economic immigrants in 2025 will be filled from the new stream, but every one that is will be at the expense of a higher qualified person applying from abroad and going through the Comprehensive Ranking skills-based points system that has been the backbone of Canada’s successful immigration policy.

OECD data from 2021 showed that Canada was by far the most successful of its peers in picking immigrants with high levels of education — more than 70 per cent — compared to just 20 per cent with medium (high school level) education. That could soon change.

As Skuterud notes, there are going to be many frustrated foreign computer science graduates from Canada’s top universities who find their chances of coming to Canada permanently are now much reduced. “That’s not good if we’re genuinely concerned about labour productivity in this country,” he said.

The Immigration Department said no information is available on numbers or a timeline because “this initiative is at the proposal stage, with no certainty of being implemented.” But it is hard to see what else the government can do.

Ottawa obviously has no stomach to dramatically increase outflows of undocumented immigrants — deportations reached 16,205 in 2023 and every single one has the potential to be a front-page Toronto Star sob story.

The Liberals have already cut student visas by 35 per cent and limited the percentage of any given workforce that can be made up of low-wage foreign workers to 20 per cent from 30.

But these measures will take time to work — most students are here on multi-year visas and are eligible for a three-year work permit after graduation.

Against that background, turning temporary workers and students into permanent residents looks like a work of political genius.

But at a stroke, it undermines the integrity of a skills-based immigration system; reduces Canada’s ability to attract the best and brightest; and, rewards those who have overstayed their visa by providing them with an option to permanent residency.

“The deskilling of Canadian economic immigration continues,” said Skuterud.

No wonder the public is losing confidence.

Source: John Ivison: How do the Liberals fix skyrocketing immigration? By lowering the entry standards

Keller: The temporary foreign worker program is a scam, and almost everyone is in on it

More from Keller:

…The Trudeau government appears to have finally grasped that handing out an unlimited number of temporary visas, leading to 2.8 million temporary residents, far outstrips the capacity of the permanent immigration system, even after doubling the immigration quota to 500,000 a year. That quota includes refugees, economic immigrants and family reunifications from overseas, leaving just half a million spots or so each year to accommodate the 2.8 million temporary residents already in Canada.

The only way out, as I wrote last week, is to press rewind.

The Trudeau government turned student visas into an alternative low-wage job scheme by allowing students to work an unlimited number of hours while in school. It’s time to go back to the way things used to be: foreign students should not be allowed to work off campus. Postgraduate work visas should be restricted to high-quality graduates in high-wage fields.

And with the exception of seasonal farm work, only jobs paying at least 150 per cent of the median wage, or more than $110,000 a year, should be eligible for temporary visas

Business lobbyists will scream, but voters will cheer.

Source: The temporary foreign worker program is a scam, and almost everyone is in on it

Federal government planning sharp cut to low-wage stream of temporary foreign worker program, sources say

Highlighting the contrasting views between a business group and the more objective Mike Moffatt:

…Dan Kelly, president of the Canadian Federation of Independent Business, said temporary foreign worker programs have been around for decades and have frequently been tightened or loosened over the years based on evolving labour-market needs.

He said the government’s moves to ease access to the program in 2022 were entirely justified at the time.

“There’s absolutely no question that coming out of the pandemic, the labour market was broken. There were hundreds of thousands of vacant positions, particularly in lower-skilled occupational categories, that desperately needed filling,” he said.

Mr. Kelly said he understands that Ottawa is now under pressure to cap access to the low-wage stream, but also urged the government to find the right balance.

“The challenge for government is I think most of them know that the politically popular solution is at odds with the economically viable solution,” he said. “Yes, the labour market has cooled a bit in Canada, but if we take out the temporary foreign worker program, then you better not complain about the line at the local restaurant or the increase in menu prices.”

Mike Moffatt, an assistant professor of business, economics and public policy at Western University who has previously advised the Liberal cabinet, said the 2022 changes went too far. He said reducing the use of the temporary foreign worker program would be good for wages in Canada, would help students find work and would encourage businesses to innovate.

He said he questions why fast-food restaurants in college towns such as London, Ont., are using the program.

“We’ve got thousands of students, thousands of international students, and we can’t find somebody to work at a Dairy Queen next to a college? It just doesn’t seem reasonable to me,” he said. “I think we have lost the plot here.”

Source: Federal government planning sharp cut to low-wage stream of temporary foreign worker program, sources say

Le Devoir Éditorial | De droit et de dignité et Nicolas | Terrains propices

Starting with Le Devoir’s measured response to the UN special rapporteurs report on “contemporary forms of slavery:”

Un rapporteur spécial de l’ONU persiste et signe dans sa description du Programme des travailleurs étrangers temporaires du Canada. Il s’agit là d’une mesure qui « alimente les formes contemporaines d’esclavage ». Le constat est brutal, bien qu’il soit en droite ligne avec les premières observations formulées il y a près d’un an par le rapporteur, Tomoya Obokata. Reste à savoir ce que les gouvernements fédéral et provinciaux sont prêts à faire pour corriger le « déséquilibre de pouvoir » entre les travailleurs temporaires et leurs employeurs.

Le rapporteur des Nations unies souligne de nombreux facteurs de risques dans le programme fédéral, géré en partenariat avec les provinces, en vertu duquel les employeurs font venir de la main-d’oeuvre bon marché, en majorité dans le secteur agricole au temps des récoltes. Celles-ci prennent les allures d’une corvée peu inspirante pour les populations locales dans un contexte de pénurie de main-d’oeuvre et de transformation du marché de l’emploi vers une économie du savoir. Nous pouvons en dire autant pour d’autres secteurs névralgiques pour notre confort ou nos habitudes de consommation au rabais, tels que la transformation des aliments, l’aide en cuisine, les soins aux aînés. Sans les travailleurs étrangers temporaires, bien des chaînes de production seraient enrayées.

Les inquiétudes du rapporteur de l’ONU portent sur la grande précarité dans laquelle se retrouvent les travailleurs étrangers puisqu’ils séjournent au Canada sur la base d’un permis « fermé » les liant à un employeur exclusif. Si les conditions de travail et d’hébergement ne remplissent pas leurs attentes ou le minimum de la décence, il leur est presque impossible de dénicher un autre boulot, au risque d’être expulsés. Cette situation de dépendance est la mère de tous les abus potentiels relevés par le rapporteur spécial : maltraitance, retenues salariales, horaires excessifs, carences dans la sécurité, l’alimentation et l’hébergement, voire des violences physiques ou sexuelles dans les pires cas.

L’enjeu, qui déborde les frontières du Québec, demeure relativement contenu. Le rapporteur spécial constate avec satisfaction que la majorité des employeurs (94 %) respectent les règles et agissent de bonne foi à l’égard de leurs travailleurs étrangers temporaires. Dans les dernières années, les employeurs et les gouvernements ont multiplié les initiatives pour protéger les droits de cette main-d’oeuvre vulnérable et lui garantir l’accès aux soins de santé.

Il n’en demeure pas moins que le processus d’inspection est pour le moins incomplet. Selon les données du gouvernement fédéral, près de sept inspections sur dix ont été menées en ligne en 2023 et 2024. Moins d’une inspection sur dix a été menée de manière impromptue. Par ailleurs, les freins dans l’accès aux soins de santé, aux conseils syndicaux et à des sites d’hébergement appropriés demeurent d’importantes sources de préoccupation.

Le rapporteur de l’ONU ne s’y trompe pas. La situation décrite dans son rapport est conforme à de nombreux reportages d’enquête, entre autres dans Le Devoir, et aux observations des groupes communautaires qui viennent en aide aux travailleurs temporaires étrangers.

Une des solutions évoquées dans le débat public, soit accorder des permis « ouverts » ou sectoriels aux travailleurs étrangers (des permis qui ne sont pas reliés à un employeur en particulier), ne va pas assez loin aux yeux du rapporteur spécial. Tomoya Obokata suggère plutôt de faciliter le passage vers la résidence permanente, afin de mettre un terme à la « précarité structurelle » de cette main-d’oeuvre particulière. Cela marquerait la fin des permis fermés ou même ouverts.

Le rapporteur spécial justifie son approche en soulignant la contradiction entre le caractère théoriquement temporaire des emplois et le caractère permanent de la demande de main-d’oeuvre. Les programmes de travailleurs étrangers temporaires ont par ailleurs dépassé le cap de la cinquantaine, une autre preuve de leur apport indispensable au marché du travail. Seulement, rien n’indique qu’une accélération du processus menant à la résidence permanente produirait les effets escomptés, autant pour combler les besoins temporaires de main-d’oeuvre que pour assurer un traitement respectueux des droits et de la dignité des travailleurs. Sans compter qu’il s’agit d’un enjeu explosif par les temps qui courent dans les relations intergouvernementales.

Les questions de droit et de dignité devraient tout de même inciter les gouvernements à en faire plus en prévention, en inspection et en sanctions pour les employeurs fautifs, et à sevrer les employeurs des permis fermés là où ils sont encore en vogue. Nous ne pouvons fermer les yeux sur une situation indigne d’un État qui a l’habitude de se contempler dans le miroir de la réussite en matière de respect des droits et libertés fondamentaux. L’esclavage contemporain ne devrait pas faire partie des préoccupations des instances de l’ONU lorsqu’il est question d’ausculter nos pratiques à l’égard des ressortissants précaires et vulnérables.

Translation (Mac)

A UN special rapporteur persists and signs in his description of the Canada Temporary Foreign Worker Program. This is a measure that “feeds contemporary forms of slavery”. The observation is brutal, although it is in line with the first observations made almost a year ago by the rapporteur, Tomoya Obokata. It remains to be seen what the federal and provincial governments are ready to do to correct the “power imbalance” between temporary workers and their employers.

The United Nations rapporteur highlights many risk factors in the federal program, managed in partnership with the provinces, under which employers bring in cheap labor, mostly in the agricultural sector at harvest time. These take on the appearance of an uninspiring chore for local populations in a context of labour shortage and transformation of the job market towards a knowledge economy. We can say the same for other neural sectors for our comfort or discounted consumption habits, such as food processing, kitchen help, care for seniors. Without temporary foreign workers, many production lines would be stopped.

The UN rapporteur’s concerns relate to the great precariousness in which foreign workers find themselves since they stay in Canada on the basis of a “closed” permit linking them to an exclusive employer. If the working and accommodation conditions do not meet their expectations or the minimum of decency, it is almost impossible for them to find another job, at the risk of being expelled. This situation of dependence is the mother of all the potential abuses noted by the special rapporteur: abuse, wage deductions, excessive hours, deficiencies in safety, food and accommodation, or even physical or sexual violence in the worst cases.

The issue, which goes beyond the borders of Quebec, remains relatively contained. The special rapporteur notes with satisfaction that the majority of employers (94%) respect the rules and act in good faith towards their temporary foreign workers. In recent years, employers and governments have multiplied initiatives to protect the rights of this vulnerable workforce and guarantee them access to health care.

The fact remains that the inspection process is incomplete to say the least. According to federal government data, nearly seven out of ten inspections were conducted online in 2023 and 2024. Less than one in ten inspections was conducted impromptuly. In addition, barriers to access to health care, trade union councils and appropriate accommodation sites remain important sources of concern.

The UN rapporteur is not mistaken. The situation described in his report is consistent with many investigative reports, including in Le Devoir, and the observations of community groups that help foreign temporary workers.

One of the solutions mentioned in the public debate, namely to grant “open” or sectoral permits to foreign workers (permits that are not linked to a particular employer), does not go far enough in the eyes of the special rapporteur. Rather, Tomoya Obokata suggests facilitating the transition to permanent residence, in order to put an end to the “structural precariousness” of this particular workforce. This would mark the end of closed or even open permits.

The special rapporteur justifies his approach by highlighting the contradiction between the theoretically temporary nature of jobs and the permanent nature of the demand for labour. Temporary foreign worker programs have also exceeded the fifties, another proof of their essential contribution to the labour market. Only, there is no indication that an acceleration of the process leading to permanent residence would produce the desired effects, both to meet the temporary needs of the workforce and to ensure treatment respectful of the rights and dignity of workers. Not to mention that this is an explosive issue in the current times in intergovernmental relations.

Issues of law and dignity should still encourage governments to do more in prevention, inspection and sanctions for at fault employers, and to wean employers from closed permits where they are still in vogue. We cannot close our eyes to a situation unworthy of a state that is used to contemplating itself in the mirror of success in respect for fundamental rights and freedoms. Contemporary slavery should not be one of the concerns of UN authorities when it comes to ausculting our practices towards precarious and vulnerable nationals.

Source: Éditorial | De droit et de dignité

Émilie Nicolas on the limits of reporting abuse:

T’as juste à porter plainte. C’était le titre du documentaire de Léa Clermont-Dion sur le parcours des victimes d’agressions sexuelles au sein du système de justice. Ça pourrait tout aussi bien être le titre d’un autre documentaire, qui porterait plutôt sur les travailleurs étrangers temporaires qui voudraient dénoncer le mauvais traitement d’un employeur.

Les victimes d’agressions sexuelles et les travailleurs temporaires étrangers maltraités correspondent bien sûr à deux groupes différents, vivant des réalités sociales et politiques qui leur sont propres. Le rapprochement que je fais ici, c’est que dans un cas comme dans l’autre, nous avons affaire à des situations où, en théorie, sur papier, tout le monde a des droits ; mais où, en pratique, s’en prévaloir est extrêmement complexe. Partout dans la société, lorsqu’on a affaire à des systèmes où tout va bien jusqu’à preuve du contraire, et où c’est à une personne socialement précaire de faire la démonstration du contraire, on s’expose à des risques élevés de violence et d’injustice systémiques.

Le titre T’as juste à porter plainte m’est revenu en tête cette semaine alors que je prenais connaissance du rapport final du rapporteur spécial de l’ONU sur les formes contemporaines d’esclavage, y compris leurs causes et leurs conséquences, à la suite de sa visite au Canada. Les conclusions de Tomoya Obokata sont claires : les programmes des travailleurs étrangers temporaires du Canada sont un terrain propice aux formes contemporaines d’esclavage. Lorsqu’une une déclaration aussi choc est lancée par l’ONU, il est important de chercher à la comprendre. Soulignons deux principaux éléments :

1. Le rapporteur spécial dénonce un régime déficient d’inspection du travail. « De manière générale, les inspections sont menées après le dépôt d’une plainte, explique Obokata, et certains lieux de travail où des abus commis peuvent échapper à toute inspection. » Mais le problème va plus loin : 69 % des inspections sont menées de manière virtuelle, et seulement 9 % des inspections sont exécutées sans que l’employeur ait été prévenu. En bref, t’as juste à porter plainte, sans quoi il n’y a pas vraiment en place de système qui permet de prévenir et d’intervenir en cas d’abus. Et même si tu portes plainte, la manière dont la plainte sera traitée sera très probablement tout à l’avantage de l’employeur.

2. Si porter plainte est vain, t’as juste à changer d’emploi, pourrait-on dire. Sauf que là aussi, la réalité est plus complexe. Le système de permis de travail rattaché à un employeur est dénoncé depuis des années, mais il subsiste. Si un travailleur peut être menacé d’expulsion vers son pays d’origine par un employeur, on crée nécessairement un climat propice aux abus.

Bien sûr, il existe certains recours qui permettent de changer d’emploi même avec un permis dit « fermé ». Encore faut-il être capable de bien naviguer, avec ses délais de traitement, ses coûts, sa paperasse. Une personne peu scolarisée, qui maîtrise mal le français, qui connaît peu ses droits ou qui n’a simplement pas les ressources pour faire face au système est plus à risque d’être intimidée par un employeur abusif. C’est beaucoup ça, la fonction publique canadienne, lorsqu’on est dans le pays avec un statut temporaire : lorsque nos droits ne sont accessibles qu’après avoir passé par des étapes bureaucratiques dignes des Douze travaux d’Astérix, nos droits restent théoriques.

Pourquoi, donc, le rapporteur de l’ONU parle de « terrain propice aux formes contemporaines d’esclavage » ? Imaginons une travailleuse domestique qui connaît mal le système canadien et qui vit du harcèlement ou même d’autres formes de violence sexuelle de la part de son employeur, lequel la menace de déportation. Cette femme a une famille qui dépend financièrement d’elle dans son pays d’origine. T’as juste à porter plainte, t’as juste à changer d’emploi. C’est plus facilement dit que fait. Un travailleur agricole qui serait mal logé ou mal nourri par son employeur peut se retrouver dans un terrain tout aussi « propice » aux sérieux dérapages, pour reprendre les mots du rapport de l’ONU.

La situation n’est pas nouvelle, et des organismes de défense de droit dénoncent le problème année après année. Si bien que le gouvernement fédéral envisage désormais différentes réformes à ses programmes. Alors que nous amorçons une année électorale, et que les libéraux sont au pouvoir depuis 2015, permettez-moi d’avancer que si Ottawa tenait tant que ça à ces réformes, elles seraient déjà en place.

De manière générale, parler de terrain propice à l’esclavage moderne au Canada en 2024 met en lumière la manière dont les systèmes d’exploitation se sont raffinés au fil des décennies. Dans un passé pas si lointain, et encore aujourd’hui dans bien d’autres pays dans le monde, on a affaire à des lois qui normalisent des formes de maltraitance. Ici, nous avons une Charte des droits et libertés de la personne, des codes du travail, un système de justice qui devraient, en théorie, protéger les gens. En pratique, ce sont les inégalités de pouvoir monstre entre les personnes qui rendent le droit inaccessible pour les uns et manipulable pour les autres.

Si ton droit de vivre au Canada dépend de la volonté d’un autre citoyen canadien, tu avances sur un « terrain propice à l’exploitation ». Si les institutions se lavent les mains de ta sécurité à moins que tu aies l’assurance et les ressources nécessaires à une dénonciation, les institutions n’existent pour ainsi dire pas pour toi.

La même logique s’applique à d’autres éléments de la société, dont la question des victimes de violence familiale. Lorsque les femmes dépendent financièrement de leur conjoint, les probabilités qu’elles portent plainte ou quittent leur foyer en cas d’abus diminuent radicalement. Structurellement parlant, les inégalités de statut et les inégalités économiques créent des problèmes d’accès à la justice. Tant que ces inégalités subsisteront, et même s’accroîtront dans certains cas, on se retrouvera avec des situations où l’exploitation — sous différentes formes — est tout à fait possible. Et ce, même dans un pays où, sur papier, les droits de la personne sont protégés.

Translation:

You just have to file a complaint. This was the title of Léa Clermont-Dion’s documentary on the journey of victims of sexual assault within the justice system. It could just as well be the title of another documentary, which would rather focus on temporary foreign workers who would like to denounce the mistreatment of an employer.

Victims of sexual assault and abused foreign temporary workers of course correspond to two different groups, living in their own social and political realities. The connection I make here is that in either case, we are dealing with situations where, in theory, on paper, everyone has rights; but where, in practice, taking advantage of them is extremely complex. Everywhere in society, when we are dealing with systems where everything goes well until proven otherwise, and where it is up to a socially precarious person to demonstrate the opposite, we expose ourselves to high risks of systemic violence and injustice.

The title You just have to file a complaint came back to my mind this week as I read the final report of the UN Special Rapporteur on contemporary forms of slavery, including their causes and consequences, following his visit to Canada. Tomoya Obokata’s conclusions are clear: Canada’s temporary foreign workers’ programs are a breeding ground for contemporary forms of slavery. When such a shocking declaration is launched by the UN, it is important to seek to understand it. Let’s highlight two main elements:

  1. The special rapporteur denounces a deficient labour inspection regime. “In general, inspections are carried out after the filing of a complaint,” explains Obokata, “and some workplaces where abuses committed can escape inspection. But the problem goes further: 69% of inspections are carried out virtually, and only 9% of inspections are carried out without the employer having been notified. In short, you just have to file a complaint, otherwise there is not really a system in place that allows you to prevent and intervene in the event of abuse. And even if you file a complaint, the way the complaint will be handled will most likely be to the advantage of the employer.
  2. If filing a complaint is vain, you just have to change jobs, we could say. Except that here too, the reality is more complex. The work permit system attached to an employer has been denounced for years, but it remains. If a worker can be threatened with expulsion to his country of origin by an employer, a climate conducive to abuse is necessarily created.

Of course, there are certain remedies that allow you to change jobs even with a so-called “closed” permit. It is still necessary to be able to navigate well, with its processing times, its costs, its paperwork. A person with little education, who has a poor command of French, who knows little about his rights or who simply does not have the resources to cope with the system is more at risk of being intimidated by an abusive employer. That’s a lot, the Canadian public service, when we are in the country with a temporary status: when our rights are only accessible after going through bureaucratic stages worthy of the Twelve Works of Asterix, our rights remain theoretical.

Why, then, does the UN rapporteur speak of “land conducive to contemporary forms of slavery”? Imagine a domestic worker who is not familiar with the Canadian system and who lives from harassment or even other forms of sexual violence from her employer, who threatens her with deportation. This woman has a family that is financially dependent on her in her country of origin. You just have to file a complaint, you just have to change jobs. It’s easier said than done. An agricultural worker who would be poorly housed or poorly fed by his employer may find himself in land just as “conduitive” to serious skids, to use the words of the UN report.

The situation is not new, and law defense organizations denounce the problem year after year. So the federal government is now considering various reforms to its programs. As we begin an election year, and the Liberals have been in power since 2015, let me say that if Ottawa cared so much about these reforms, they would already be in place.

In general, talking about the ground conducive to modern slavery in Canada in 2024 highlights how operating systems have been refined over the decades. In the not-so-distant past, and still today in many other countries around the world, we are dealing with laws that standardize forms of abuse. Here, we have a Charter of Human Rights and Freedoms, labor codes, a system of justice that should, in theory, protect people. In practice, it is the inequalities of monster power between people that make the law inaccessible for some and manipulable for others.

If your right to live in Canada depends on the will of another Canadian citizen, you are moving forward on a “land conducive to exploitation”. If institutions wash their hands of your safety unless you have the assurance and resources necessary for a denunciation, institutions do not exist for you.

The same logic applies to other elements of society, including the issue of victims of domestic violence. When women depend financially on their spouse, the likelihood of them filing a complaint or leaving their home in the event of abuse decreases radically. Structurally speaking, inequalities in status and economic inequalities create problems of access to justice. As long as these inequalities persist, and even increase in some cases, we will find ourselves with situations where exploitation – in different forms – is quite possible. And this, even in a country where, on paper, human rights are protected.

Source: Chronique | Terrains propices

LILLEY: Trudeau changed foreign workers program at your expense

Valid critique with some humour:

The Trudeau Liberals are channeling Captain Louis Renault as they react in shock to problems with Canada’s temporary foreign worker program. Movie fans will know Captain Renault as the corrupt police chief in Casablanca.

After Captain Renault barges into Rick’s Cafe — more of a nightclub and casino — Rick Blaine, played by Humphrey Bogart, walks up and asks on what grounds his establishment is being shut down.

“I’m shocked, shocked to find out that gambling is going on in here,” Captain Renault says.

“Your winnings sir,” says a card dealer handing money to Renault, who thanks him and continues his bust.

The Liberals are Captain Renault, guilty of gambling in the illegal casino and now threatening to throw everyone out. It was the Trudeau Liberals who changed the rules to ramp up Canada’s temporary foreign workers program and now they are promising to punish anyone abusing it, using the rules they changed.

“Abuse and misuse of the TFW program must end,” Employment Minister Randy Boissonnault said last week.

“Bad actors are taking advantage of people and compromising the program for legitimate businesses. We are putting more reforms in place to stop misuse and fraud from entering the TFW program.”

The number of people coming in under the TFW program has been ramping up for years, especially under the Trudeau Liberals. Conservative Leader Pierre Poilievre, who was employment minister in 2015, called this out during a recent news conference.

“Trudeau has destroyed our entire immigration system, and he has expanded our temporary foreign worker program by well over 200% at a time when we’re losing jobs,” Poilievre said during an event at Stelco Steel in Hamilton last Friday.

Poilievre noted that when he was responsible for that program there were only 60,000 people admitted under the TFW program but now that number is near 200,000.

“On top of that, you have international students who are effectively temporary foreign workers who came under the wrong stream.”

There was a time, let’s call it 2014, when Justin Trudeau was leader of the third party in Parliament, that he railed against this program. Trudeau said the Harper government was allowing the program to drive down wages of Canadians.

“The government has allowed the temporary foreign worker program to become a force that drives down wages across the country and takes advantage of vulnerable people from abroad,” Trudeau said in April 2014.

Even as recently as this past April, Trudeau was saying that out of control immigration was hurting wages.

“Increasingly, more and more businesses are relying on temporary foreign workers in a way that is driving down wages in some sectors,” Trudeau said five months ago.

If only he knew someone who could do something about this!

He truly is Captain Renault, shocked that there is gambling going on and pocketing his winnings at the same time.

It was Trudeau who changed the rules in April of 2022 to allow a massive deregulation of the program. Under the changes announced then, seasonal industries could hire under the TFW for the full year while the cap on an employer having only 10% of their workforce come from the TFW program was lifted to 20% in most industries but higher in others.

The feds raised the cap to 30% for manufacturing, food and accommodations, hospitals and nursing homes. They also got rid of a stipulation that if unemployment was above 6% then TFW approval would not be granted.

“This was a deliberate move by the federal government to suppress wage growth for low-income Canadians, and increase the number of temporary workers, who have much weaker labour rights than permanent residents,” Mike Moffat posted on X last week.

Moffat is an academic and self-styled progressive who has advised the Trudeau government and worked for the Canada 2020 think tank that is closely tied to the PM. That’s what makes Moffat’s criticism sting so much for the Liberals.

That and the fact that he pointed out these changes were announced less than two weeks after the coalition deal with the NDP was announced.

The Trudeau Liberals say they are there for the little guy, the middle class and those working hard to join it. If actions speak louder than words then that is clearly not true, by the PM’s own admission, his policies are driving down wages for low-income Canadians.

Now he’s claiming he’s shocked, don’t believe him.

Source: LILLEY: Trudeau changed foreign workers program at your expense

Op-ed from Moffatt:

Moffatt: Justin Trudeau’s government radically transformed Canada’s temporary foreign worker program. Young people and low wage workers are paying the price

If you know a young person who struggled to find a summer job they are not alone. This has been the worst summer on record for youth employment outside of the pandemic. Many factors — from a weak economy to a population boom of young people — are at play with one of the largest being the federal government’s 2022 decision to deregulate the low-wage stream of the temporary foreign worker program.

On April 4, 2022, a mere 13 days after the Liberals and NDP signed their Supply and Confidence Agreement, the federal government announced arguably the largest deregulation of the Temporary Foreign Worker program in Canadian history. The program’s low-wage stream, which allows employers not in the agricultural industry (they have a separate stream) to bring in workers and pay them wages under the provincial median (currently $28.39 in Ontario), was radically transformed. The government removed the rule that employers could only bring in workers in some low-wage occupations if the local unemployment rate was less than six per cent allowing firms in areas of high unemployment to access the program. Companies had been limited to having only 10 per cent of their workforce be low-wage temporary foreign workers; this was raised to 20 per cent. In seven sectors, including accommodation and food services, this was raised to 30 per cent.

Mike Moffatt is the Senior Director of the Smart Prosperity Institute and co-host of the podcast The Missing Middle.

Source: Justin Trudeau’s government radically transformed Canada’s temporary foreign worker program. Young people and low wage workers are paying the price

Canada’s foreign worker program ‘breeding ground’ for modern slavery: report

Not that surprising that little change from the interim report. Still find the language overly dramatic and over stated in describing the abuse:

A recently released international report says Canada’s temporary foreign worker program is a “breeding ground” for contemporary slavery.

The final report by a United Nations special rapporteur who visited Canada last year says a power imbalance prevents workers from exercising their rights.

A worker’s status is dependent on a closed work permit that is specific to their employer. If an individual is fired, they may be deported from Canada.

Workers are subject to a wide range of abuses and aren’t always aware of their rights, the report says.

It notes the government puts much of the responsibility for informing workers about their rights on the employer, “despite the obvious conflict of interest.”

Special rapporteur Tomoya Obokata cites reports of issues including wage theft, long working hours with limited breaks and insufficient personal protective equipment.

The report also notes allegations of sexual harassment and exploitation, along with physical, emotional and verbal abuse.

Obokata also found that workers have difficulty accessing health care.

In some cases, employers prevented people from seeking treatment, the report says, with some workers denied the necessary time off, encouraged to “take painkillers or home remedies instead” or even fired.

The report notes that rules implemented in 2022 require employers to make a reasonable effort to provide workers with access to health care if they are ill or injured.

It also points out that many employers end up providing housing for their workers. That can result in overcrowding, such as 20 to 30 people sharing a single washroom, it says.

The report calls for Canada to “end labour migration arrangements that foster exploitation by creating dependency situations that tie workers to their employers” and in which employers control the worker’s housing, health care and status.

The number of permits under the program increased 88 per cent from 2019 to 2023, though Ottawa recently indicated it plans to reduce the number of such workers in Canada.

Mathis Denis, a spokesperson for Employment Minister Randy Boissonnault, said the government has increased fines for employer non-compliance under the program. He said the government levied $2.1 million in fines for violating program rules last fiscal year, up from $1.54 million issued the previous year.

He said the minister is considering increasing fees to pay for “additional integrity and processing activities,” and is looking to put in place new regulations covering employer eligibility.

Source: Canada’s foreign worker program ‘breeding ground’ for modern slavery: report

ICYMI: Trudeau’s plan to reduce temporary immigration risks economic harm: business groups

Could hardly expect her to welcome any restrictions, even if all the evidence points to the need:

Canada’s independent business advocate says Prime Minister Justin Trudeau’s plan to reduce temporary immigration risks dire economic consequences, underscoring the pressures the government is facing as it tries to slow population growth.

Nancy Healey, who holds a government post knows as commissioner for employers, penned a letter to three of Trudeau’s cabinet ministers warning that a plan to cut temporary residents by 20% over three years is likely to make it harder for firms to grow.

“In the context of the current and future labor shortages that Canada will experience, it is crucial not to reduce the labor pool,” she said in the Aug. 1 letter, which was signed by business groups including the Canadian Chamber of Commerce and Canadian Federation of Independent Business. “Such a reduction would have catastrophic economic consequences for companies and limit their growth potential.”

A surge in temporary residents — including international students, foreign workers and asylum seekers — pushed Canada’s population growth rate to 3.2%, one of the world’s fastest. The influx of new arrivals exacerbated a housing shortage and helped sink Trudeau’s popularity.

The government is already implementing a cap on student visas, and businesses fear the government will next shrink the program that allows them to bring in temporary employees, said Healey.

Indeed, Employment Minister Randy Boissonnault told business groups on Tuesday he intends to limit their use of temp workers — a program that has drawn mounting criticism for allowing fraud and abuse.

The number of temporary foreign workers in Canada has continued to grow even as the unemployment rate rises — it reached 6.4% in June, 13.5% for the youngest workers. Temporary foreign workers have increasingly been recruited for low-wage, unskilled jobs, including in retail stores and restaurants.

Healey defended the program in the letter, calling it “much maligned despite the rigor that has characterized it for many years,” driven by “unsubstantiated anecdotes.” The system requires employers to advertise jobs to Canadians before seeking a foreign worker, to pay market wages and to take part in a compliance regime that protects against abuse, she said.

She urged the government to maintain the number of workers admitted under the program, speed up approval times and avoid increasing the C$1,000 ($727.5) fee for permit applications, already costly for small businesses.

Business groups have long raised alarm about Canada’s aging population and low birth rates, a phenomenon experienced by many advanced economies. Healey pointed to a Royal Bank of Canada report that said 46% of projected structural labor shortages are in occupations that don’t need a university or college education, but instead require “occupation-specific” or on-the-job training.

“We need better paths for newcomers to come and stay in Canada,” Healey said in the letter. “It is clear that immigration streams that attach a job offer to the application result in improved outcomes.”

While business groups have a right to lobby the government, what’s good for businesses isn’t necessarily good for the economy, said Mikal Skuterud, a labor economist at the University of Waterloo.

Labor shortages are challenging for firms, but they can spur competitive wages and investments in equipment and technology — which is particularly important as Canada grapples with poor productivity, he said.

“I’m not saying it’s not difficult for businesses sometimes — for sure it is,” he said. “But the idea that this is some kind of an economic crisis the government has to respond to is really economic nonsense.”

Source: Trudeau’s plan to reduce temporary immigration risks economic harm: business groups

Globe editorial: Fraud in the temporary worker program isn’t the problem. The rules that rig the labour market are

Indeed. Not seeing much impact yet in numbers in government rolling back some of the earlier ill-advised facilitation under former immigration minister Fraser and his DMs:

…As is the case with much of the immigration file, the Liberals have moved only slowly to undo what have become clearly damaging changes. Last October, the government decreased the validity period for labour market impact assessments to 12 months, when the national unemployment rate had hit 5.7 per cent, up from 5.1 per cent in the spring of 2022.

In March, the validity period was reduced to six months, a belated recognition of the realities of the labour market. At the same time, the government said only two sectors would still be allowed to use foreign workers for up to 30 per cent of their workforce. But it kept in place the 20-per-cent rule for all other sectors, despite rising unemployment.

On Tuesday, Employment Minister Randy Boissonnault hinted that further tightening may be on the way, as he announced several anti-fraud measures. Of course, companies who abuse the rules and their workers should be punished.

But the real problem with the low-wage temporary foreign worker program is not abuse of the rules – it’s the rules themselves. The press release from Mr. Boisonnault’s office boldly stated that the temporary foreign worker program “is designed as an extraordinary measure to be used when a qualified Canadian is not able to fill a job vacancy.”

That may have been the case once. But now that is demonstrably untrue – and a slap in the face to unemployed workers struggling to find a job while the Liberal government allows businesses to continue to import cheap labour.

Source: Fraud in the temporary worker program isn’t the problem. The rules that rig the labour market are