After years of controversy, TDSB ends lottery system for specialty schools and programs, drawing praise, criticism

Of note. When I attended school in Toronto in the 60s and 70s, the then enriched program switched from English language testing to symbolic graphic testing, with the result that diversity of participants increased:

Toronto’s public school board is scrapping the controversial process that handed out spots in coveted specialty programs through a lottery, returning to one based on merit.

The move — made by the provincial supervisor now in charge of the Toronto District School Board — marks another major shift in how students gain entry to the city’s most sought-after schools and programs focused on the arts, athletics, math and science.

The lottery-based admissions had prioritized bringing under-represented racial groups into the programs, but caused an uproar among some families who said it failed to accomplish that while at the same time weakening program quality. Others, however, had argued the lottery was a fairer system. …

Source: After years of controversy, TDSB ends lottery system for specialty schools and programs, drawing praise, criticism

Danella Aichele: Canada’s immigration policy must address the growing number of students who don’t speak English or French

Surely the provinces should ensure this input as part of the annual levels plan consultations. In general, Canada scores highly on PISA for immigrant integration and outcomes:

…A better approach would involve genuine intergovernmental coordination. If Ottawa intends to maintain high levels of immigration, it should consult with provinces and large urban school boards before announcing new targets. Federal funding should be aligned with provincial education budgets so that school systems can hire more ESL teachers, develop tailored curricula, and ease the transition for newcomers.

This wouldn’t be administratively burdensome. Immigration is heavily concentrated in a relatively small number of urban centres. The challenge isn’t complexity, it’s negligence.

Prime Minister Mark Carney has framed immigration as central to Canada’s growth strategy. He is right. But growth cannot come at the expense of cohesion. If immigration is to succeed, it must be matched by the resources and the planning required to make integration work.

That means Ottawa can’t simply drop new arrival numbers into the system and hope for the best. It needs to start in the classrooms where integration is lived and learned every day. Immigration targets should reflect not just national ambitions but the realities in Brampton, Calgary, and Montreal schools.

Canada’s future prosperity and social cohesion depend on getting this balance right. Immigration works best when it is ambitious and realistic—when it opens doors but also equips schools, teachers, and communities with the tools they need. Anything less risks undermining public confidence and shortchanging the very students who will shape the country’s future.

Danella Aichele is a former teacher with the Calgary Board of Education with a Master’s of Public Policy from the University of Calgary.

Source: Danella Aichele: Canada’s immigration policy must address the growing number of students who don’t speak English or French

Su | Canada’s immigration approach is becoming more exclusionary. It’s not the direction we should be heading

Classic example of activist academic arguments, conflating previous race-based criteria with more objective age, language and education criteria, assuming that refusals are all unjustified, that international students were the focus of anger rather than the Liberal government.

And any public conversation will of course need to address the very real pressures on housing, healthcare and infrastructure that immigration-based population growth has exacerbated.

It is striking that so many immigration researchers did not anticipate or warn about the impact of the excessive growth in temporary and permanent residents. Some reflection is in order, rather than making these weak, and in some cases, false arguments:

In 2023, Canada marked the 100th anniversary of the Chinese Exclusion Act, a law that explicitly banned nearly all Chinese immigrants for nearly a quarter century. Many see it as a black mark in Canadian history because it deliberately targeted and expelled the very Chinese labourers who had done the dangerous, back-breaking work of building the Canadian Pacific Railway, only to be cast aside once their labour was no longer needed.

The centenary was a moment of reflection. But since then, Canada has become more restrictive, not less. Rising immigration refusal rates, while not racially explicit, are carrying the pattern of exclusion forward.

Recent data shows that applicants across almost all permanent and temporary resident categories, skilled workers, international students, grandparents and refugees, are facing more rejections. Immigration officials and political leaders point to policy integrityinstitutional capacity and shifting targets. But these procedural justifications obscure a more unsettling truth: our immigration system is shifting from openness toward restriction, prioritizing exclusion over welcome.

As a migration scholar as well as an immigrant myself, I know that exclusion doesn’t always arrive with bold legal declarations. It often hides in plain sight, through administrative hurdles, opaque rules, and decisions that are hard to explain but easy to feel.

One clear example we have all experienced collectively across Canada is the demonization of international students. In the past two years, federal policy changes dramatically capped their numbers, blamed them for historical housing and health care shortages and limited their ability to stay.

This framing fuelled hateful online commentary, targeted in-person violent hate crimes and attacks, and even anti-immigrant posters, such as one spotted near a college in Toronto’s Roncesvalles neighbourhood that used multiculturalism to justify xenophobia.

Another example is a spike in Express Entry rejections for permanent residency when applicants declare an “nonaccompanying” spouse. This tactic, once common and legal, is now treated by officers as a sign of dishonesty, triggering procedural fairness letters or outright refusal. This shift is not in the law but in how rules are interpreted and enforced.

The numbers tell a broader story. In just two years, rejection rates for all temporary resident categories have increased 10 to 27 per cent. For example, rejection rates for student permits rose to 65 per cent from 41 per cent and work permits for spouses to study and work rose to 52 per cent from 25 per cent. While visitor visas rose to 50 per cent from 39 per cent.

Then there are the persistent disparities in approval rates for applicants from the Global South. African students, in particular, have long faced disproportionate rejection. Parliamentary testimony revealed that French-speaking African students can face refusal rates as high as 80 to 83 per cent, among the highest of any group, often because officers doubt their “intent” to return home after studying.

A 2024 MPOWER Financing report found that fewer than half of African student visa applications are approved, with rates dropping to 22 per cent for some Francophone African countries. Earlier analyses of IRCC data by the Canadian Association of Professional Immigration Consultants showed that from 205 to 2020, Nigeria’s approval rate was 12 per cent. These decisions, couched in bureaucratic language, reproduce long-standing patterns of racial and regional bias, sending a powerful message about who is seen as credible future Canadians, and who is not.

To be clear, today’s policies are not the same as the 1923 Chinese Exclusion Act, which was explicit, racist, and devastating for Chinese Canadian families. But we would be naïve to think that exclusion only happens when written in black and white legislation.

As Catherine Clement’s recent book ”The Paper Trail to the 1923 Chinese Exclusion Act” shows, policy is not just about law, it’s about how it’s felt, lived, and remembered. Her work documents how exclusion operated through bureaucratic delays, suspicion, and silence, separating families for lifetimes and squandering human potential.

What we are seeing today is different, but still worth naming: a shift toward discretion-based refusal, especially for applicants from racialized countries and communities. When exclusion becomes procedural, it becomes harder to see, challenge or measure.

Immigration, at its best, is a promise: that those who qualify will be treated fairly, and that our system reflect our values. My own family benefited from that promise and was able to live the Canadian dream. But rising rejection rates, unclear standards, and a lack of transparency undermine that promise. If we want to preserve the integrity of our immigration system, we must first preserve its fairness.

That starts with publishing disaggregated refusal statistics, improving officer training, clarifying communication with applicants, and creating accountability mechanisms when discretion oversteps reason. Above all, it requires a public conversation that resists easy answers and considers the human cost of policy shifts.

We tell ourselves that we’ve moved past the kind of exclusion Catherine Clement documents so powerfully. But history doesn’t just live in museums, it echoes in policy, in silence, and in the decisions we choose not to question.

We still have time to course correct. But it will take political courage, public awareness, and a willingness to look critically at what our systems are doing, not just what they claim to do. Canada must resist creeping exclusion and remain a place of opportunity, or Gold Mountain (金山) the Chinese nickname for Canada.

Source: Opinion | Canada’s immigration approach is becoming more exclusionary. It’s not the direction we should be heading

Le Québec fait le plein de cerveaux grâce à l’immigration

Similar to other provinces. We select immigrants largely based on human capital, including education:

Le Québec peut compter sur des immigrants très scolarisés : ceux-ci détiennent un diplôme universitaire dans une proportion de loin supérieure à celle des non-immigrants. C’est l’un des constats qui se dégage d’un rapport de l’Institut de la statistique du Québec (ISQ) publié jeudi.

Les chiffres sont sans équivoque. Selon les données du dernier recensement canadien, tenu en 2021, 44 % des immigrants présents au Québec détenaient un diplôme universitaire, contre 25 % des non-immigrants. Chez les résidents non permanents, cette proportion grimpait à 58,6 %.

Ces écarts s’expliquent essentiellement par la méthode de sélection de la population immigrante. « Elle est “sélectionnée” en favorisant la scolarité élevée », explique par courriel l’autrice du rapport, Christine Lessard. « Il n’est donc pas étonnant qu’on y trouve une plus grande proportion de titulaires d’un grade universitaire que dans la population non immigrante. »

Ce rapport est le troisième volet d’une étude dressant le portrait des détenteurs d’un diplôme universitaire au Québec. Après avoir comparé les données québécoises à celles des autres provinces et les avoir décortiquées par région administrative, l’ISQ s’est penché sur le statut migratoire des détenteurs de diplôme. Les données analysées ne concernent que les personnes âgées de 25 à 64 ans.

En 2021, quelque 21,3 % des résidents du Québec étaient des immigrants permanents ou temporaires.

Plus de la moitié des immigrants admis au Canada depuis 2001 détiennent un diplôme universitaire : en d’autres mots, ils sont très scolarisés. « Il est certain que l’immigration contribue au maintien voire à l’accroissement du niveau de scolarité de la population », avance Mme Lessard.

La croissance de la population du Québec repose par ailleurs en grande partie sur l’immigration. Entre 2016 et 2021, la population québécoise non immigrante de 25 à 64 ans a chuté de 2,7 %, tandis que la population immigrante a augmenté de 11 %, et celle des résidents non permanents de 150 %. Au net, la population du Québec a crû de 1,4 % sur cette période….

Source: Le Québec fait le plein de cerveaux grâce à l’immigration

Quebec can count on highly educated immigrants: they hold a university degree in a proportion far greater than non-immigrants. This is one of the findings that emerges from a report by the Institut de la statistique du Québec (ISQ) published on Thursday.
The numbers are unequivocal. According to data from the last Canadian census, held in 2021, 44% of immigrants in Quebec held a university degree, compared to 25% of non-immigrants. Among non-permanent residents, this proportion rose to 58.6%.
These differences are mainly explained by the method of selection of the immigrant population. “It is “selected” by promoting high schooling,” explains the author of the report, Christine Lessard, by email. “It is therefore not surprising that there is a greater proportion of university degree holders than in the non-immigrant population. ”
This report is the third part of a study portraying university degree holders in Quebec. After comparing Quebec data with those of other provinces and dissessing them by administrative region, the ISQ looked at the migration status of diploma holders. The data analyzed only concern people aged 25 to 64.
In 2021, some 21.3% of Quebec residents were permanent or temporary immigrants.
More than half of the immigrants admitted to Canada since 2001 hold a university degree: in other words, they are highly educated. “It is certain that immigration contributes to maintaining or even increasing the level of education of the population,” says Ms. Lessard.
Quebec’s population growth is also largely based on immigration. Between 2016 and 2021, the Quebec non-immigrant population aged 25 to 64 fell by 2.7%, while the immigrant population increased by 11%, and that of non-permanent residents by 150%. Netly, Quebec’s population grew by 1.4% over this period….

Locaux de prières à Dawson et Vanier: Une étude importante absente du rapport d’enquête

Interesting omission:

« Il y a un manque de nuance flagrant dans ce rapport », constate Frédéric Dejean, professeur au département de sciences des religions de l’Université du Québec à Montréal.

Spécialiste des questions religieuses, il reste perplexe devant certaines observations faites sur les locaux de prière dans le rapport d’enquête visant les collèges Dawson et Vanier, dévoilé la semaine dernière.

Surtout, il s’étonne de voir que ses travaux, qui portent précisément sur cette question, ne figurent nulle part dans le document.

Avec deux autres professeurs de l’Université de Sherbrooke, M. Dejean a étudié il y a quelques années les pratiques d’accommodements religieux dans les établissements d’enseignement supérieur, dont les locaux de prière.

La demande venait directement des ministères de l’Éducation et de l’Enseignement supérieur, qui ont financé l’étude.

Au total, les chercheurs ont mené une centaine d’entrevues dans 17 cégeps et universités à travers la province, qui ont servi à élaborer un guide sur les accommodements religieux destiné aux intervenants et aux gestionnaires.

Les résultats de l’étude ont été transmis au gouvernement caquiste en 2019. « On a fait un travail qui donnait un état des lieux assez juste en matière de locaux religieux », affirme Frédéric Dejean.

Le rapport d’enquête sur les collèges Dawson et Vanier, rédigé par des fonctionnaires de la Direction des enquêtes du ministère de l’Enseignement supérieur, n’en fait pourtant aucune mention, bien qu’il s’attarde longuement sur la question des locaux de prière

Pour le chercheur, c’est un problème. Certaines informations rapportées ne correspondent pas à ce qu’il a observé dans ses recherches.

Conclusion sans base scientifique

Un passage du rapport affirme que les locaux de prière ne font « qu’alimenter un climat de radicalisation, de repli communautaire et de méfiance réciproque à l’intérieur du cégep ».

Cette information, présentée « comme une vérité qui ne se discute pas », n’a aucune base scientifique, soutient Frédéric Dejean.

Elle provient d’une lettre ouverte signée par un groupe de militantes québécoises en faveur de la laïcité publiée dans les médias en 2023, comme le rapportait La Presse.

« Ce n’est pas du tout un texte de recherche », critique le professeur.

Plus loin, le rapport soutient que les salles de prière peuvent être vues « comme un privilège, voire un élément facilitant la radicalisation et le prosélytisme », encore une fois sans référence. 

Frédéric Dejean déplore que le rapport ne s’appuie pas sur des données probantes pour aborder « un sujet aussi sensible et complexe ».

Selon ses recherches, la réalité est beaucoup plus nuancée. « Il y a énormément de cégeps, universités qui ont des locaux religieux. Dans la plupart des institutions, ça se passe très, très bien. »

S’ils peuvent parfois représenter un « irritant », les accommodements religieux ne constituent pas un « problème majeur » au sein des établissements d’enseignement, concluait l’étude à laquelle il a participé. 

Mais il ne faut pas « non plus être complètement naïf », souligne le professeur, qui travaillait au collège de Maisonneuve lorsqu’un groupe d’élèves radicalisés étaient partis combattre en Syrie. 

Pour cette raison, l’étude recommandait aux directions qui fournissaient des espaces de prière d’effectuer un suivi serré de leur utilisation. 

Il est à noter que les collèges Dawson et Vanier n’ont pas participé à l’étude. L’échantillonnage incluait toutefois d’autres établissements anglophones, comme le collège Champlain. 

Laïcité de l’État

Contacté par La Presse, le cabinet de la ministre de l’Enseignement supérieur, Pascale Déry, a affirmé qu’il ne commenterait pas la façon dont a été réalisée une enquête indépendante.

Commandée par la ministre, l’enquête visait à évaluer si les collèges Vanier et Dawson avaient pris toutes les mesures nécessaires pour assurer la sécurité des élèves, dans le contexte du conflit explosif au Moyen-Orient.

Le rapport a finalement conclu que les deux cégeps anglophones ont agi en conformité avec les encadrements légaux et ministériels.

Il a toutefois ouvert la porte au gouvernement pour qu’il resserre certains règlements et lois s’appliquant à l’ensemble du réseau collégial, notamment la Loi sur la laïcité de l’État.

À la sortie du rapport, la ministre Pascale Déry a déclaré qu’elle n’hésiterait pas à « encadrer ou corriger certaines pratiques ».

Source: Locaux de prières à Dawson et Vanier Une étude importante absente du rapport d’enquête

“There is a glaring lack of nuance in this report,” says Frédéric Dejean, a professor in the Department of Religious Sciences at the Université du Québec à Montréal.

A specialist in religious issues, he remains perplexed by some observations made on the prayer rooms in the investigation report for Dawson and Vanier colleges, unveiled last week.

Above all, he is surprised to see that his work, which deals precisely with this issue, does not appear anywhere in the document.

With two other professors from the University of Sherbrooke, Mr. A few years ago, Dejean studied the practices of religious accommodation in higher education institutions, including prayer rooms.

The request came directly from the Ministries of Education and Higher Education, which funded the study.

In total, the researchers conducted about 100 interviews in 17 CEGEPs and universities across the province, which were used to develop a guide on religious accommodations for stakeholders and managers.

The results of the study were transmitted to the Caquist government in 2019. “We did a job that gave a fairly fair inventory in terms of religious premises,” says Frédéric Dejean.

The investigation report on Dawson and Vanier Colleges, written by officials from the Investigations Directorate of the Ministry of Higher Education, does not mention this, although it dwells at length on the issue of prayer rooms

For the researcher, this is a problem. Some of the information reported does not correspond to what he observed in his research.

Conclusion without scientific basis

A passage in the report states that the prayer rooms “only feed a climate of radicalization, community withdrawal and mutual distrust within the CEGEP”.

This information, presented “as a truth that cannot be discussed”, has no scientific basis, says Frédéric Dejean.

It comes from an open letter signed by a group of Quebec activists in favor of secularism published in the media in 2023, as reported by La Presse.

“This is not a research text at all,” criticizes the professor.

Further on, the report argues that prayer rooms can be seen “as a privilege, even an element facilitating radicalization and proselytism”, again without reference.

Frédéric Dejean regrets that the report does not rely on evidence to address “such a sensitive and complex subject”.

According to his research, the reality is much more nuanced. “There are a lot of CEGEPs, universities that have religious premises. In most institutions, it’s going very, very well. ”

If they can sometimes represent an “irritating”, religious accommodations are not a “major problem” within educational institutions, concluded the study in which he participated.

But we must not “be completely naive either,” says the teacher, who worked at Maisonneuve College when a group of radicalized students went to fight in Syria.

For this reason, the study recommended that directions that provided prayer spaces closely monitor their use.

It should be noted that Dawson and Vanier Colleges did not participate in the study. However, the sampling included other English-speaking institutions, such as Champlain College.

Secularism of the State

Contacted by La Presse, the office of the Minister of Higher Education, Pascale Déry, said that it would not comment on the way in which an independent investigation was carried out.

Commissioned by the Minister, the investigation aimed to assess whether Vanier and Dawson Colleges had taken all the necessary measures to ensure the safety of students, in the context of the explosive conflict in the Middle East.

The report finally concluded that the two English-speaking CEGEPs acted in accordance with the legal and ministerial frameworks.

However, he opened the door to the government to tighten certain regulations and laws that apply to the entire collegiate network, including the Act respecting the Secularism of the State.

At the release of the report, Minister Pascale Déry said that she would not hesitate to “frame or correct certain practices”.


Christopher Dummitt: Canada’s long-standing tradition of sweeping its British roots under the rug

Good reminder of the need for a broader historical understanding:

….Canadian schools got rid of the Lord’s prayer a generation ago. It didn’t fit with a modern diverse Canada. It has been replaced by land acknowledgments.

There was a time, not too long ago, when the school system didn’t operate this way — when Indigenous history and contemporary concerns were not a major focus. There has been a lot of progress to rethink how we approach the Canadian past.

But there’s also the Canadian tradition of turning a good thing into a stupid mess.

These young children know that they need to respect Indigenous cultures — and know that these cultures were sophisticated and fascinating. That’s what they’ve learned.

But what they don’t have are the lessons from an earlier time that would balance out this new appreciation. Instead, their lessons speak against an earlier way of thinking about the country. Without that earlier knowledge, what these kids are getting is the now off-balanced focus on reconciliation, relationships to the land, and inclusivity.

What they lack is the broader story of the settler societies that created Canada — about the dynamism of centuries of progress from the Scientific Revolution to the Enlightenment to the creation of modern forms of democracy, liberalism, and parliamentary institutions. Yet, this isn’t part of the elementary curriculum.

This isn’t the fault of any individual teacher (many of whom are wonderful).

It is, though, about the excesses of a cultural shift — well-intentioned — but also clueless as to its unintended consequences.

This Canada Day, perhaps it’s time to take a lot of the knowledge that’s baked into those pioneer villages dotted across the country and put it back into the curriculum.

Source: Christopher Dummitt: Canada’s long-standing tradition of sweeping its British roots under the rug

Canada updates list of study programs that qualify international students for work permits

Further tightening:

To better align immigrant selection with Canada’s labour market needs, Ottawa is refining what academic programs are going to qualify international students for the coveted postgraduation work permit.

The Immigration Department has updated its eligibility list, adding 119 new fields of study and removing 178 others based on jobs with long-term shortages. A total of 920 coded programs remain eligible.

The Liberal government has been criticized for the soaring number of international students, who had increasingly used the international education program to come and work in Canada in order to ultimately earn permanent residence in the country.

Many international students enrolled in general programs at institutions that former immigration minister Marc Miller called “diploma mills,” studying in subjects that had no relevance to what’s needed in the labour market.

Last November, the Immigration Department started requiring international students in nondegree programs (programs other than bachelor’s, master’s or doctoral degrees) to complete a program in an eligible field of study to qualify for the postgraduation work permit.

As part of the plan to improve the integrity of the international education system, Miller not only capped the number of study permits issued, but also restricted the access to postgraduation work permits, which could be valid for up to three years and provided the incentive for people to study in Canada.

“It is not the intention of this program to have sham commerce degrees and business degrees that are sitting on top of a massage parlour,” Miller told reporters at a news conference last year. “This is something we need to rein in.” 

According to CIC News, an online media outlet on Canadian immigration, the additional qualifying programs cover health care and social services, education and trades.

However, it said, many of the agricultural and agri-food programs such as farm management and crop production were removed from the list, along with Indigenous education, student counselling and personnel services, environmental studies, building/property maintenance, drywall installation, solar energy technology, airframe mechanics and aircraft maintenance technology, among others.

The Immigration Department says students who applied for a study permit before June 25, 2025, will still be eligible for postgraduation work permits if their field of study was on the list when they applied for their study permit even if it has since been removed.

Source: Canada updates list of study programs that qualify international students for work permits

Entre réussite et intégration, un Québec fou de tous ses enfants

Interesting read by a former teacher:

…Mon premier contrat dans mon champ — l’histoire et la géographie — était dans une grande école secondaire du quartier défavorisé Côte-des-Neiges. J’ai partagé certaines appréhensions concernant le secteur avec des collègues, et ils m’ont tous répondu une variation de la formule suivante : Côte-des-Neiges, c’est un secret bien gardé.

Les défis linguistiques y sont importants, mais la population scolaire y est réceptive, les jeunes souvent polis et travaillants. C’était il y a dix ans. J’avais plus de deux cents élèves et une seule qui n’était pas issue de l’immigration.

Cette école n’avait rien d’un « ghetto » : on y retrouvait plus de soixante nationalités représentées. Dans les corridors, on entendait l’anglais, l’espagnol, l’arabe ou le tagalog. La valorisation du français était au cœur du projet éducatif.

Les élèves s’exprimaient aussi entre eux dans la langue de Molière, la seule qu’ils avaient tous en commun. Un français certes teinté d’accents de banlieues françaises ou de franglais. Une langue qui ne les avait pas préparés à comprendre L’erreur boréale, que j’ai dû traduire, mimer et rembobiner lors du chapitre sur le territoire forestier.

L’équipe d’accueil et de francisation comptait sur des enseignants intimement qualifiés : pour plusieurs, le français avait aussi été une langue étrangère. Grâce à leur formation et leur expérience, ces enseignants savaient que l’apprentissage d’une langue s’effectue en complémentarité et non en concurrence avec les autres langues connues.

Plusieurs recherches montrent que des pédagogies plurilingues, mobilisant les autres langues des élèves, soutiennent efficacement l’apprentissage du français. En plus de leurs effets positifs sur le plan cognitif, ces pratiques renforcent le lien maître-élève.

Or, comme l’ont souligné plusieurs chercheuses en commission parlementaire, certains articles du projet de loi 94 visant notamment à renforcer la laïcité risquent de compromettre ces interactions dans la langue maternelle de l’élève.

Les pratiques d’accueil

La francisation des élèves ne se limite pas aux classes d’accueil. Il existe les services intensifs d’accueil et de soutien à l’apprentissage du français (SASAF), qui incluent un soutien quotidien en classe ordinaire et les classes d’accueil.

Les services de soutien linguistique d’appoint en francisation (SLAF) s’adressent quant à eux aux élèves intégrés en classe ordinaire dont l’acquisition du français est bien amorcée.

Les critères de classement et les choix de services varient d’un centre de services scolaire à l’autre. Notons que le MEQ n’a fixé aucun nombre minimal d’heures hebdomadaires de SLAF à offrir. L’accès aux services professionnels, comme l’orthopédagogie ou la psychoéducation, peut aussi être limité lorsqu’une direction considère que la classe d’accueil constitue le service de soutien.

Certaines directions imposent aux enseignants d’attendre que l’élève soit francisé avant de soumettre une demande de services complémentaires. Certaines disent vouloir éviter la suridentification. N’en demeure qu’avec la hausse du nombre d’élèves ayant un parcours scolaire interrompu, des retards importants ou des parcours migratoires difficiles, ce retard d’accès pèse lourd à la fois sur les élèves et sur le personnel.

Selon le MEQ, alors qu’il y a deux fois plus d’élèves en classe d’accueil qu’il y a dix ans, on en compte trois fois plus en classe ordinaire bénéficiant d’un soutien d’appoint sans qu’aucune norme minimale ne soit établie à cet effet. Les critères de classement demeurent souvent opaques ; le service d’appoint est-il réellement suffisant pour ces élèves ? Plus d’uniformité et de transparence sont nécessaires.

Qui sont les élèves issus de l’immigration ?

À la parution, en 2015, de l’ouvrage de Marie Mc Andrew et du groupe de recherche Immigration, équité et scolarisation (GRIES), La réussite éducative des élèves issus de l’immigration, ceux-ci représentaient 26 % de la population scolaire. Dix ans plus tard, ce chiffre est passé à 36 %.

Tous n’ont pas besoin de services de francisation. C’est notamment le cas de plusieurs élèves dits de deuxième génération, les plus nombreux (22 % de ces 36 %), dont le recours aux SASAF est resté stable depuis dix ans, voire a légèrement diminué. Un élève de deuxième génération est un élève né ici dont au moins un parent est né à l’extérieur du Québec. Fait marquant, le nombre d’élèves immigrants dont la langue maternelle est le français est en hausse — ils composent près de la moitié du groupe en 2025 (43 % contre 37 % en 2015). Les groupes de langue arabe, anglaise ou espagnole sont, eux, restés stables.

Les élèves issus de l’immigration fréquentent davantage l’école privée au secondaire que les non-immigrants (24,5 % contre 20,5 %), une donnée influencée par la forte présence des élèves de deuxième génération dans le réseau privé. Toutefois, le rôle du privé dans l’accueil et la francisation des élèves de première génération tend à diminuer.

Citoyenneté québécoise

Comment évalue-t-on l’intégration d’une personne à sa société d’accueil ? Lorsque cette question est soulevée, les critères objectifs sont parfois maigres. Pour les élèves québécois, deux indicateurs pourraient toutefois nous servir de repères : la réussite scolaire et le choix de la langue d’enseignement au postsecondaire.

Selon l’Observatoire des inégalités, en 2016, le taux de diplomation des élèves de deuxième génération était de 88 %, alors qu’il était de 83 % pour les élèves non issus de l’immigration. Quant aux élèves de première génération ayant immigré dès le primaire, leur taux de réussite est passé de 75 % à 84 % entre 2008 et 2016.

Bien que les défis soient nombreux, plusieurs facteurs propres à la population immigrante expliqueraient cette réussite, dont l’approche scolaire parentale. En 2015, le GRIES notait que le caractère sélectif des politiques d’immigration québécoises, visant un objectif d’établissement permanent, contribuait à la stabilité des familles, à la légitimité de la présence des immigrants, ce qui favorisait la réussite.

Après leur passage en système scolaire francophone, comme le veut la loi 101, 50 % des inscrits allophones au collégial choisissaient les études en français en 2007. Cela passait à 66 % en 2021, selon l’OQLF. Sur cette même période, le choix des jeunes francophones pour le collégial en français est lui passé de 95 % à 93 %. Considérant ce facteur, l’intégration des jeunes allophones à la société québécoise tend à s’améliorer.

Afin d’accentuer l’adhésion à la culture francophone, dans un rapport bien documenté sur les dynamiques linguistiques du monde scolaire, le commissaire à la langue française, Benoît Dubreuil, proposait notamment des mesures comme le développement de programmes de jumelages entre écoles de différentes régions du Québec, approche souvent mise de côté au profit d’expériences internationales.

Les élèves issus de l’immigration créent-ils « une pression énorme sur nos écoles » ? Les politiques d’immigration, nommément celles d’immigration temporaire, ont accentué leur nombre, surtout depuis 2022.

Reste que leur présence à la hausse s’inscrit de façon prévisible depuis plusieurs années, que ces élèves sont aussi globalement résilients, engagés dans leurs études, en preuve leur taux de réussite, qu’ils sont de plus en plus francophones et qu’ils sont aussi de plus en plus nombreux à choisir le français pour la suite de leur parcours scolaire.

Investir ambitieusement dans l’accueil et la francisation des élèves est incontournable pour la nation québécoise et ce n’est pas uniquement une question d’argent : c’est aussi reconnaître l’effet d’émulation positive qu’ont plusieurs de ses élèves sur l’ensemble du système, laisser les professionnels utiliser les meilleures pratiques, comme les références à la langue et à la culture maternelles, sans y voir de menace à la société d’accueil ou favoriser des démarches peu systématisées, comme le jumelage interrégional.

Mon passage en milieu pluriethnique m’a notamment appris que l’amour de la langue ne peut se développer qu’au travers du respect et de l’affection qu’on porte à ceux qui la parlent.

Source: Entre réussite et intégration, un Québec fou de tous ses enfants

McWhorter: Viewed From Any Angle, This Station Is a Wonder and an Inspiration

Money quote: “That feeling of hunger to see, to know, that sense of awe and joy — that is what education should foster.”

…Which is why it depresses me endlessly when these goals narrow in the way they so often do today. So many teachers or professors seem to think that during the short time we have students under our influence, our primary job is to instruct them in how to illuminate injustice.

The field of education, for example, is a rich subject — “How many miles to the heart of a child?” asked the lead character in Kurt Weill and Maxwell Anderson’s 1949 musical “Lost in the Stars.” But in “What’s College For?” the author Zachary Karabell describes something sadly familiar these days: a professor focused on telling students how America’s educational apparatus perpetuates class stratification.

The film critic David Denby, in “Great Books,” his volume about Columbia University’s core curriculum, described an instructor whose only apparent interest in Aristotle was in condemning his sexism and racism, rather than exploring the broader scope of his writings. I once sat in on a course about Black film in which the main theme class after class was how each movie exemplified negative stereotypes. The artistry, the richness, the reasons the films were meaningful to Black people were considered of lesser interest. Rachmaninoff’s piano concertos, every word of George Eliot’s “Middlemarch,” William Levi Dawson’s “Negro Symphony” from start to finish — all of these can be laboriously interpreted as demonstrations of the abuse of power. But doing so misses their true value.

I would hate to see anyone put that kind of teaching to use when entering Michigan Central Station — to internalize the idea that upon encountering that magnificence, one’s thoughts should be primarily about injustice. Certainly the Black porters there worked under less than ideal conditions; white passengers often saw them as barely human. (The convention back in the day was to call all Black porters “George,” because who cared what they called themselves?) It’s important to remember these facts. But even amid that bigotry, Black people had the same capacity as white people to see beauty. And they have the same capacity today.

On the way to Michigan Central, I was talking with a Black guy named Anton who had grown up nearby. As the building came into view, rising so majestically into the day’s overcast sky and set diagonally to the main road, I shouted, “Goddamn!” At the very same second, Anton exclaimed “Look at that! There it is, man!”

That feeling of hunger to see, to know, that sense of awe and joy — that is what education should foster.

Source: Viewed From Any Angle, This Station Is a Wonder and an Inspiration

These Words Are Disappearing in the New Trump Administration

Quite a list, including many I would classify as descriptive and objective, and some that merely correct silly language (e.g., breastfeed + people, breastfeed + person, chestfeed + people, chestfeed + person, pregnant people, pregnant person):

As President Trump seeks to purge the federal government of “woke” initiatives, agencies have flagged hundreds of words to limit or avoid, according to a compilation of government documents.

  • accessible
  • activism
  • activists
  • advocacy
  • advocate
  • advocates
  • affirming care
  • all-inclusive
  • allyship
  • anti-racism
  • antiracist
  • assigned at birth
  • assigned female at birth
  • assigned male at birth
  • at risk
  • barrier
  • barriers
  • belong
  • bias
  • biased
  • biased toward
  • biases
  • biases towards
  • biologically female
  • biologically male
  • BIPOC
  • Black
  • breastfeed + people
  • breastfeed + person
  • chestfeed + people
  • chestfeed + person
  • clean energy
  • climate crisis
  • climate science
  • commercial sex worker
  • community diversity
  • community equity
  • confirmation bias
  • cultural competence
  • cultural differences
  • cultural heritage
  • cultural sensitivity
  • culturally appropriate
  • culturally responsive
  • DEI
  • DEIA
  • DEIAB
  • DEIJ
  • disabilities
  • disability
  • discriminated
  • discrimination
  • discriminatory
  • disparity
  • diverse
  • diverse backgrounds
  • diverse communities
  • diverse community
  • diverse group
  • diverse groups
  • diversified
  • diversify
  • diversifying
  • diversity
  • enhance the diversity
  • enhancing diversity
  • environmental quality
  • equal opportunity
  • equality
  • equitable
  • equitableness
  • equity
  • ethnicity
  • excluded
  • exclusion
  • expression
  • female
  • females
  • feminism
  • fostering inclusivity
  • GBV
  • gender
  • gender based
  • gender based violence
  • gender diversity
  • gender identity
  • gender ideology
  • gender-affirming care
  • genders
  • Gulf of Mexico
  • hate speech
  • health disparity
  • health equity
  • hispanic minority
  • historically
  • identity
  • immigrants
  • implicit bias
  • implicit biases
  • inclusion
  • inclusive
  • inclusive leadership
  • inclusiveness
  • inclusivity
  • increase diversity
  • increase the diversity
  • indigenous community
  • inequalities
  • inequality
  • inequitable
  • inequities
  • inequity
  • injustice
  • institutional
  • intersectional
  • intersectionality
  • key groups
  • key people
  • key populations
  • Latinx
  • LGBT
  • LGBTQ
  • marginalize
  • marginalized
  • men who have sex with men
  • mental health
  • minorities
  • minority
  • most risk
  • MSM
  • multicultural
  • Mx
  • Native American
  • non-binary
  • nonbinary
  • oppression
  • oppressive
  • orientation
  • people + uterus
  • people-centered care
  • person-centered
  • person-centered care
  • polarization
  • political
  • pollution
  • pregnant people
  • pregnant person
  • pregnant persons
  • prejudice
  • privilege
  • privileges
  • promote diversity
  • promoting diversity
  • pronoun
  • pronouns
  • prostitute
  • race
  • race and ethnicity
  • racial
  • racial diversity
  • racial identity
  • racial inequality
  • racial justice
  • racially
  • racism
  • segregation
  • sense of belonging
  • sex
  • sexual preferences
  • sexuality
  • social justice
  • sociocultural
  • socioeconomic
  • status
  • stereotype
  • stereotypes
  • systemic
  • systemically
  • they/them
  • trans
  • transgender
  • transsexual
  • trauma
  • traumatic
  • tribal
  • unconscious bias
  • underappreciated
  • underprivileged
  • underrepresentation
  • underrepresented
  • underserved
  • undervalued
  • victim
  • victims
  • vulnerable populations
  • women
  • women and underrepresented

Source: These Words Are Disappearing in the New Trump Administration