Moreau: Être ou ne pas être, les impasses de l’auto-identification

Self-identification and identity. Recently, most of the cases have been with respect to Indigenous identity, As ancestries become mixed over time, challenges for self-identification, and for organizations, will continue to increase:

Les mesures de « discrimination positive » imposées aux universités pour leur recrutement de professeurs-chercheurs soulèvent bien des questions en lien avec la justice, le caractère égalitaire, la transparence des processus d’embauche, sans compter le rôle de l’excellence dans le choix des meilleurs candidats. Ces enjeux, fondamentaux dans une démocratie, ont été mentionnés et analysés par de nombreux commentateurs. Il en est un, en revanche, qui n’a pas encore faire l’objet de toute l’attention qu’il mérite : celui qui entoure le principe de l’auto-identification.

On demande en effet aux postulants, dans le cadre de ces mesures d’action positive, de s’auto-identifier comme étant des Autochtones, des personnes en situation de handicap, des femmes, ou encore comme appartenant à l’une ou l’autre des minorités racisées ou de genre.

Or, au fur et à mesure que les demandes d’auto-identification du genre vont se multiplier (et on peut être certain qu’elles se multiplieront), tout en devenant de plus en plus impératives pour l’obtention d’une chaire du Canada, puis d’un poste à l’université, dans les institutions culturelles, dans les diverses administrations, etc., elles vont immanquablement donner lieu à de fausses déclarations.

On a déjà vu, ces dernières années, au Canada, au moins trois femmes se faire passer pour autochtones, alors que, semble-t-il, elles ne l’étaient pas : la cinéaste Michelle Latimer, en 2020 ; la prétendue « gardienne du savoir » Suzy Kies, également coprésidente de la Commission des peuples autochtones du Parti libéral du Canada et, accessoirement, instigatrice d’autodafés en Ontario ; et, plus récemment, la chercheuse Carrie Bourassa, de l’Université de la Saskatchewan, qui était aussi directrice scientifique de l’Institut de santé des Autochtones.

« Autoautochtonisation »

Et on peut être absolument certain qu’il y en aura d’autres, tout comme on verra monter en flèche le nombre de candidats à des postes ici ou là qui feront valoir leur appartenance à une minorité racisée ou de genre, puisque ces auto-identifications deviendront des sésames recherchés.

Si l’on en doute, il suffit pour s’en convaincre de considérer qu’un mot a déjà été inventé pour définir le premier phénomène : « l’autoautochtonisation ». Selon la Loi sur l’équité en matière d’emploi, il suffit d’avoir un parent issu d’une « minorité visible » pour être réputé appartenir à une « minorité visible », ce qui ouvre la porte à des recherches généalogiques intéressées. Tandis que le fait de se déclarer non binaire ou bisexuel, par exemple, n’engage à rien de très précis en termes de comportement ou de relations amoureuses.

À leur tour, ces auto-identifications frauduleuses obligeront évidemment les institutions concernées à se livrer à des vérifications de plus en plus poussées. Mais comment ? D’ores et déjà, à la suite de ce qu’il est convenu d’appeler « l’affaire Carrie Bourassa », l’Université de la Saskatchewan a modifié ses règles d’embauche. L’auto-identification ne suffit plus, il faut désormais prouver son identité, ce qui ne manque pas d’engendrer d’autres imbroglios.

Ainsi, cette université a rejeté il y a quelque temps la candidature de Réal Carrière, un professeur d’études autochtones qui avait été sélectionné par un jury unanime et lui-même composé de professeurs autochtones, car il ne pouvait pas fournir de preuves écrites de son identité supposée.

Faudra-t-il alors remettre à l’honneur ces « statuts de pureté du sang » qui avaient cours autrefois dans l’empire espagnol et exiger de chaque candidat qu’il prouve, arbre généalogique en main, la fiabilité de son identité à travers l’exposé public de ses origines ? Faudra-t-il également que l’État remette son nez dans les chambres à coucher de ces mêmes candidats pour s’assurer qu’ils appartiennent bien à une minorité sexuelle ou de genre ?

Ce genre d’immixtion dans la vie privée risque de devenir inévitable dans la vérification de ces identités revendiquées. D’autant plus que les litiges qui ne manqueront pas de surgir à ce sujet aboutiront inéluctablement devant les tribunaux, qui auront donc la charge délicate de trancher ces questions identitaires, de décréter qui est vraiment autochtone, réellement racisé, authentiquement non binaire, etc. Bonne chance !

Pour régler cette question de façon définitive, on pourrait aussi faire en sorte, comme on le fait sous d’autres cieux pour l’appartenance religieuse, que cette identité se voie inscrite dans les documents officiels et les pages intérieures de nos passeports. Nul besoin alors de continuer à s’auto-identifier. Le problème serait enfin résolu. Mais à quel prix ? Et serait-ce vraiment un progrès ?

L’auteur est professeur de littérature à Montréal, rédacteur en chef de la revue Argument et essayiste. Il a notamment publié Ces mots qui pensent à notre place (Liber, 2017) et La prose d’Alain Grandbois. Ou lire et relire Les voyages de Marco Polo (Nota bene, 2019).

Source: Être ou ne pas être, les impasses de l’auto-identification

Marshall: Biden gets real on immigration

One take:

No issue better illuminates America’s debilitating political stalemate than immigration. Everyone knows there’s a mounting humanitarian and law enforcement crisis on our southern border, but our political leaders find it safer to appease their most militant partisans than to work together to forge pragmatic solutions.

That may be changing. After ignoring an unprecedented surge of migrants for two years, President Biden has announced some modest steps toward restoring order. His reward for taking on this combustible issue is a fusillade of criticism from rightwing nativists who say he’s not serious and leftwing activists worried that he is.

Source: Biden gets real on immigration

Alberta immigration program changes to prioritize those with immediate family in the province

Of note, combining economic and family class immigration:

Alberta is adjusting its immigration process in an attempt to make it easier for those with ties to the province to move to Canada.

The province announced Wednesday that they will allocate 25 per cent of express entry nominations to potential newcomers with skills in high demand who have immediate family members already living in Alberta.

It’s a move that Rajan Sawhney, Alberta’s minister of trade, immigration and multiculturalism said will help address the ongoing labour shortage while easing the process for potential immigrants.

“AAIP’s change will draw workers in high-demand sectors through Express Entry who have immediate family ties in Alberta,” she said in a statement.

“This approach will help ensure Alberta’s economy will prosper by dedicating a portion of provincial nominations toward in-demand workers who will have a great support network right from day one.”

The Alberta express entry stream allows the province to nominate a limited number of qualified candidates from Immigration, Refugees and Citizenship Canada’s express entry system.

The province said the change will apply to prospective newcomers who have immediate family in Alberta — such as a sibling, a parent, or a parent — and have the skills to work in high-demand sectors including tech, healthcare and agriculture.

In December 2022, Alberta gained more than 41,000 new full-time jobs for a total of nearly 94,000 full-time jobs in 2022 and 221,000 full-time jobs have been added in Alberta since the start of 2021.

It’s anticipated that a there will be a job shortage of 33,100 workers by 2025 across several occupations, skill levels and sectors in Alberta.

Alberta gets 6,500 nomination certificates each year and it’s expected that 815 of those will be used for the new stream in 2023.

“As an agency that works on the ground with newcomers, we know based on just the data and the stories that we hear from our clients that those that have familial supports here fare a lot better than those who don’t,” said Alka Merlin with Immigrant Services Calgary.

“We are excited to see that the government is responding to what the community has been saying all along.”

Merlin, however, says more can be done.

“We really encourage the government of Alberta, especially the Fairness for Newcomers Office to continue working with regulatory Bodies to simplify and accelerate the assessment of qualifications by eliminating the barriers to registration,” she said.

According to IRCC, there is currently a backlog of more than 2.15 million immigration applicants.

Source: Alberta immigration program changes to prioritize those with …

Canada needs to get its act together on growth

Of note, focus on productivity. Main immigration and diversity indicator is: “Income parity across genders, races, & people with disabilities, Achieve equal employment outcomes for all racialized and non-racialized Canadian workforce,” a real outcome measure:
Canada’s economy has a lot going for it right now.
We are a human resource powerhouse and our openness to immigration also makes us one of the fastest-growing populations among advanced economies. Our natural resource wealth is acting as a buffer against the worst of global supply chain disruptions and higher commodity prices. Canada is also fortunate to share a very long border with the world’s largest and most dynamic economy, even if the relationship can sometimes seem challenging.

Source: Canada needs to get its act together on growth, Organization link: Coalition for a Better Future

A new program lets private citizens sponsor refugees in the U.S.

Welcome return:

Everyday Americans will be able to help refugees adjust to life in the U.S. in a program being launched by the State Department as a way to give private citizens a role in resettling the thousands of refugees who arrive every year.

The State Department plans to announce the program, dubbed the Welcome Corps, on Thursday. The agency aims to line up 10,000 Americans who can help 5,000 refugees during the first year of the program.

“By tapping into the goodwill of American communities, the Welcome Corps will expand our country’s capacity to provide a warm welcome to higher numbers of refugees,” according to the announcement.

The State Department has traditionally worked with nonprofit groups that specialize in refugee issues to help people from around the world when they first arrive in the country and face a dramatically different way of life. Under the program being announced Thursday, five or more Americans would be able to form a group and fill this role as well.

They would apply to privately sponsor refugees to resettle in America, and would be responsible for raising their own money to help the refugees during their first 90 days in the country. Assistance would include everything from finding a place to live to getting kids enrolled in school.

A consortium of nonprofits with expertise in refugee resettlement will help oversee the vetting and certification of people and groups who want to be private sponsors. They’ll also offer training so private sponsors understand what’s needed to help refugees adjusting to life in America. The consortium will be responsible for monitoring the program.

The new initiative will roll out in two phases, according to the State Department. Under the first phase, private sponsors will be matched with refugees already approved for resettlement under the U.S. Refugee Assistance Program. That will start during the first half of 2023.

In the second phase of the program, private sponsors would be able to identify refugees abroad that they would like to help and then refer those people to the Refugee Assistance Program and assist them once they arrive in the U.S.

The Welcome Corps program comes on the heels of a similar, smaller scale endeavor under which Americans were able to sponsor Afghans or Ukrainians fleeing their country. That program launched in October 2021 and has helped just over 800 people coming to America through a network of 230 certified sponsors.

President Joe Biden vowed in a 2021 executive order to restore the U.S. as the world’s haven and called for private sponsorship of refugees. The previous administration, under President Donald Trump, had largely rolled back the refugee program.

Source: A new program lets private citizens sponsor refugees in the U.S.

Cyprus so far strips 222 people of ‘golden passports’

Cyprus’s program was the poster child of corrupt citizenship-by-investment programs (not alone…):

The government of Cyprus has stripped 222 wealthy investors and their family members of citizenship, an official said Wednesday, part of efforts to mend a reputation sullied by an investment-for-passports program that an inquiry found had unlawfully granted citizenships in hundreds of instances.

Deputy government spokeswoman Niovi Parisinou said the figure includes 63 investors and 159 of their relatives, including spouses, children and parents.

Over its 13-year run, the once lucrative and now-defunct program repeatedly broke its own rules and granted Cypriot passports to ineligible investors. Some allegedly committed criminal and other offenses while becoming citizens of the Mediterranean island nation.

A torrent of corruption accusations followed an undercover TV report in 2020 that allegedly showed the parliamentary speaker and a powerful lawmaker claiming they could skirt the rules to grant citizenship to a fictitious Chinese investor supposedly convicted of fraud in his country.

Source: Cyprus so far strips 222 people of ‘golden passports’

This pilot program makes it easier for newcomers to Canada to become permanent residents [Rural and Northern Immigration Pilot]

Of note. Positive feedback from some of the regional folks I know:

Felix Koros moved from Kenya to Sault Ste. Marie., Ont., with his family in early December, and thanks to an immigration pilot program, he says he is on track to become a permanent resident soon.

“We thank God that we are here in Canada,” said Koros, who was an engineer in his home country, and now works as an aircraft mechanic for a company called JD Aero.

“We are seeing that the environment is very good for us and for our children, and for the future.”

Source: This pilot program makes it easier for newcomers to Canada to become permanent residents

Expliquer le racisme, ce n’est pas culpabiliser les Blancs: Réplique à Lisée

More on the Lisée column:

Dans sa chronique de mercredi, « Les boomers, ces racistes ! », Jean-François Lisée critique une vidéo éducative dont je suis l’auteur, intitulée Racisme, ses origines, son histoire et lue par le professeur Laurent Turcot.

Selon le chroniqueur, ma vidéo nous apprend que « ce n’est qu’en Occident qu’on “retrouve une discrimination parfaitement assumée” ». Voici l’extrait complet : « Naturellement, le racisme n’est pas exclusif aux Blancs ou encore au monde occidental, mais c’est seulement en Occident qu’on va retrouver le paradoxe de sociétés supposément égalitaires et où on retrouve également une discrimination parfaitement assumée. »

Cet extrait, qu’on entend dans la première minute de la vidéo, infirme les intentions que me prête le chroniqueur, qui m’accuse de véhiculer une « fausseté historique ». Je n’ai jamais prétendu que le racisme était exclusif à l’Occident. J’affirme même le contraire dans cette phrase qui n’est citée qu’à moitié. Par contre, il est vrai que ce n’est qu’en Occident qu’on maintenait l’institution de l’esclavage tout en prétendant que « tous les hommes naissent libres et égaux ». Les pays africains ou arabes où se pratiquait l’esclavage ne prétendaient pas partager ces idéaux universels.

Le chroniqueur poursuit : « D’ailleurs, “il faut attendre que les Européens découvrent l’Afrique noire pour qu’on puisse commencer à parler de racisme comme on l’entend aujourd’hui”. » Voilà une autre phrase citée hors contexte et vidée de son sens. Cet extrait de la vidéo explique qu’avant la Renaissance, la discrimination oppose des Blancs à d’autres Blancs — les Slaves réduits en esclavage par l’empire germanique, par exemple. Ce n’est qu’avec l’exploration de l’Afrique subsaharienne et le début du commerce des esclaves qui s’ensuit que commence l’association entre peau noire et servilité. L’objectif de la vidéo est d’expliquer comment le racisme en Occident a évolué au fil des siècles et non pas de pointer les Blancs du doigt.

Selon M. Lisée, « les jeunes sortant de ce visionnement seraient choqués d’apprendre que l’esclavage a été présent sur tous les continents, que les Africains le pratiquaient entre eux avant l’arrivée des Blancs, que les Autochtones d’Amérique le pratiquaient entre eux avant l’arrivée des colons européens ». Les jeunes seraient choqués d’apprendre cela uniquement si les enseignants d’éthique et culture religieuse se contentaient de laisser cette vidéo donner le cours pour eux. Pour avoir participé à la formation de plusieurs cohortes de futurs enseignants, j’ose croire que ce n’est pas le cas.

Dernier reproche que m’adresse le chroniqueur : « Pas un mot non plus sur le fait que les Québécois francophones furent victimes de racisme, ou du moins de discrimination linguistique. » La vidéo vise un large public et ne s’adresse pas spécialement aux élèves québécois. Mon objectif était de résumer en 20 minutes l’histoire du racisme en Occident. J’ai donc dû faire des choix. Pourquoi parler des Québécois plutôt que des Bretons, des Catalans ou de n’importe quelle autre minorité linguistique ? Lorsqu’on parle du racisme au XXe siècle en Occident, il me semble plus parlant de décrire l’antisémitisme allemand, la ségrégation américaine et l’apartheid sud-africain.

La critique de M. Lisée repose sur les intentions qu’il nous prête, à moi et à l’enseignante citée dans sa chronique : culpabiliser les Blancs en général et les Québécois en particulier. C’est un réflexe hélas répandu chez certains nationalistes, qui se placent sur la défensive dès qu’on leur parle de racisme. Si on n’affirme pas en caractères gras qu’il s’est fait pire ailleurs, que le racisme existe aussi au Canada anglais, que Montréal n’est pas Detroit et que la Nouvelle-France n’était pas la Nouvelle-Espagne, on nous reproche de faire le procès du Québec. Et une vidéo éducative se fait accuser d’être de la propagande alors qu’elle cherche seulement à expliquer et à faire réfléchir.

Jean-François Lisée a bien raison d’estimer que ma vidéo ne suffit pas à faire comprendre « la réalité du racisme et de l’antiracisme au Québec ». Je ne prétends pas le contraire, puisque tel n’a jamais été mon objectif. Je regrette toutefois de voir mon travail être considéré comme faisant partie de « la bouillie mensongère et culpabilisatrice » dénoncée par le chroniqueur.

Réplique du chroniqueur

Cher Alexandre Dumas,
D’abord, encore bravo pour vos récents ouvrages sur l’époque duplessiste. Je ne vous tiens évidemment pas pour responsable des lamentables propos tenus dans le reste du cours, mais permettez-moi d’insister : il est faux d’affirmer, comme vous le faites dans cette vidéo, que la discrimination sur la base de distinctions raciales est née avec le trafic occidental d’esclaves noirs. L’esclavage des Vietnamiens par les Chinois est vieux de 2000 ans, celui de Blancs européens par l’Empire musulman y est également antérieur et « parfaitement assumé ». Il n’est par ailleurs pas question d’être, comme vous le dites, à l’offensive ou sur la défensive sur la question du racisme et de l’esclavage, mais de respecter la réalité historique et de reconnaître à la fois la cruauté du racisme, la bravoure de ceux qui l’ont fait reculer et les réels progrès. Ainsi, j’ai été peiné de constater que vous attribuez les grandes avancées antiracistes états-uniennes des années 1960 à des impératifs de politique africaine de Washington plutôt qu’au colossal travail de Martin Luther King et des Noirs américains appuyés par un grand nombre de Blancs, dont plusieurs juifs, qui ont mis leur vie en danger pour cette cause.

Bien cordialement,
Jean-François Lisée

Source: Expliquer le racisme, ce n’est pas culpabiliser les Blancs

Why some groups are quitting Canada’s popular refugee sponsorship program

Of concern, and finding the right balance on accountability:

Canada’s Syrian resettlement project spurred an outpouring of public support for refugees, but now the federal government is trying to ease growing pains that have come with the hugely popular private sponsorship program.

Since Canadians from coast to coast welcomed displaced Syrians to their communities in 2015, the number of sponsorship agreement holders or SAH — organizations authorized to resettle overseas refugees in Canada — has surged from 90 to 138 in 2022.

The annual number of refugees brought to Canada through the SAHs — and supported by local community groups — had doubled from 9,350 to 19,143 in 2019, before the COVID pandemic hampered the work. This year, 27,750 refugees are expected to come from around the world under private sponsorships.

As a result, the immigration department has recently implemented new rules to govern the work of these religious, ethnic, community or humanitarian organizations — as well as sponsorship groups that raise money and volunteer to help newcomers settle in Canada by taking them to appointments and securing housing and jobs.

While the changes are welcomed to ensure refugees’ needs are met, some sponsorship agreement holders, particularly the ones relying heavily on volunteers, say the cumbersome paperwork and mandatory audits are stretching their limited resources.

At least two groups are calling it quits, including the Anglican diocese in British Columbia. The Star has learned that as many as 10 organizations have said they’re unable to continue their work, meaning fewer refugees would be sponsored down the road.

“In the face of growing conflicts around the world, this is more important than ever. We have undertaken this work despite the steep administrative costs, because we know how important it is,” Bishop Anna Greenwood-Lee of the Diocese of British Columbia wrote in an open letter to constituents before Christmas.

“This is a difficult decision for us, and we recognize that there will be uncertainty in our community.”

She said the diocese will honour the commitment to the 290 applications still in process and cease its sponsorship program when its current agreement with the government expires.

A 2016 government review found the essential needs of resettled refugees were met but that there was a lack of monitoring of the private sponsorship program. Immigration staff were also unsure to what extent they needed to keep an eye on how the sponsorships went.

In late 2017, officials created the resettlement services assurance team to monitor whether resettled refugees were receiving the required financial and non-financial support from their sponsors, a task that was seen as having been carried out inconsistently by local offices.

Since then, a total of 821 sponsorships have been flagged for “case reviews” through external complaints and internal monitoring mechanism.

In most cases, officials say they are able to work with the sponsors to address the deficiencies in the support provided and avoid a sponsorship breakdown and/or default.

Between 2018 and last year, a total of 821 sponsorships broke down after sponsored refugees changed where they planned to live or the contention identified in the reviews could not be resolved. In 76 cases, the sponsors were found to be at fault.

As part of the new assessment regime, SAHs have to be revalidated. They must meet all eligibility criteria; demonstrate the ability to monitor their caseloads and constituent sponsorship groups; submit an extensive form detailing organizational structure and operational plans; complete mandatory sponsorship training and provide financial statements within the past 18 months.

Recognizing some organizations may need time to meet the new requirements, officials have put in a temporary exemption for missing audited financial statements. However, those groups will be put on a watch list and required to provide proof of funds and settlement plans for each sponsorship application.

According to the Canadian Refugee Sponsorship Agreement Holders Association, 30 per cent of its members are completely volunteer-run organizations and another 12 per cent had only one part-time staff member. They oversee and support multiple sponsorship groups and facilitate anywhere from 10 to several hundred applications annually.

As the process is already cumbersome, some groups, especially the smaller ethnic-based organizations, are concerned the administrative burden would become too much.

“The over-professionalization of the private sponsorship program is a very real concern,” said Kaylee Perez, chair of the national association, adding that it’s working with immigration to make the assessment “less bureaucratic in nature and better aligned with the community-based, volunteer spirit of the program.”

At Mennonite Central Committee Canada, an established SAH, the new requirements would have relatively less impact because it has 14 full-time equivalent staff in five provinces and the infrastructure in place to support the program.

Still, the Mennonite group and all other SAHs have had to improve record-keeping to ensure they have all needed documents and receipts, let alone fork out as much as $10,000 for an audit by an accounting firm.

“In many sponsorships, the people who are doing the direct support tend to be family members,” said Brian Dyck, the Mennonite committee’s national resettlement co-ordinator. “You don’t keep receipts for family members. A lot of SAHs have found that they’ve had to take over the management of the finances” from constituent groups, he said.

“We’re doing a lot more than we used to. This is a program integrity exercise and that’s an important thing for me, too, but the question is, ‘Do we have the resources to do that and if we don’t, where do they come from?’”

Dyck said each file over the course of the one-year sponsorship requires an average 35 hours of staff time, from outreach to training of constituent groups, getting the forms right, collecting documentation, planning and monitoring. Existing SAHs are unlikely to be able to fill the gaps if others drop out.

Alex Hauschildt, operations director of the Anglican United Refugee Alliance, said each SAH does its best for sponsored refugees, and the new rules help ensure quality and consistent support.

“A lot of SAHs think that they don’t have the capacity to do everything that’s needed. This is what the balance of this whole thing is. You’re weighing the capacity to do good work and trying to find that balance from every lens,” said Hauschildt.

“If it is important to you, you have to find a way of doing it. If you were doing 100 so-so applications, maybe you should be doing 25 excellent applications,” he added. “There are definitely growing pains we all have to go through and figure out.”

Source: Why some groups are quitting Canada’s popular refugee sponsorship program

Singapore: ‘Identity politics hinders the compromises essential to working …

Of interest and note of caution of single interest politics:

Learn tolerance and acceptance, and understand that borders are fluid – that is the advice of veteran Singapore diplomat Chan Heng Chee to young people living in a world of increasing identity politics.

“Multiculturalism (and) multi-ethnicity in Singapore is something that political leaders in Singapore pay special attention to, and they have to keep managing it,” Professor Chan said.

“It is not just a given set of laws or regulations; you have to keep tweaking it, because there are sensitivities.

“Singapore works because the majoritarian population gave up its status as a majoritarian population in its language. It accepted that Chinese would not be the national language of Singapore,” she said.

“This is very, very unusual. And I would say that’s (the late prime minister) Lee Kuan Yew’s political genius.”

Prof Chan, who is one of Singapore’s three ambassadors-at-large, was speaking in The Straits Times’ Conversations on the Future.

The diplomat, who among other appointments is a member of the Presidential Council for Minority Rights, was addressing the future of multiracial and multicultural societies in a world of increasing identity politics.

In today’s more uncertain and volatile world, young people globally have to deal with the concerns and anxieties of technology transformation as well, she said.

“I would say… really be tolerant, be open, get a good education and some domain expertise, but work for the good, because working for a good and a sense of mission is much more rewarding than just turning to yourself. Have a purpose larger than yourself.”

On the future of multiracial societies, Prof Chan said: “There are two types of strategies to deal with these multiracial societies. One is accommodation or integration as a strategy, where you accept every cultural group. They have a right to exist, and you will let them exist and flourish, and… you hope at the end of the day there will be some mixture into something new.

“But you don’t force it… No culture becomes dominant. The different cultures and race groups exist side by side.

“Then there’s assimilation. Other groups coming to the culture are expected to integrate or to embrace the dominant culture. France is that way. Everyone is French. France is race-blind and colour-blind.”

But she added: “Frankly, it doesn’t happen. I’m not a great fan of that kind of assimilation strategy. If you are race-blind and colour-blind, (that doesn’t) address the problems.”

Paris’ banlieues – working-class enclaves and suburbs populated mainly by immigrants – are an example, Prof Chan said. “Some police do not dare to enter some banlieues. And you still have population segments that feel alienated and rejected by society.”

On the rise of identity politics, she noted that groups which mobilise behind identity in the name of democracy and seek a place, rights and allocations, paradoxically do not help democracy.

“It is a single-issue orientation and democracy makes it necessary to compromise and to work with others,” she said. “And in identity politics, by and large, there’s much less working together. You can see this in the United States.”

The Conversations on the Future series focuses not on current news but on broader, and larger, long-term issues and trends.

Among the interviewees are Harvard professor Graham Allison, historian Wang Gungwu, science fiction writer Chen Qiufan, Yale law professor Amy Chua and diplomat Tommy Koh.

Source: ‘Identity politics hinders the compromises essential to working …