Religious and Visible Minority Intersectionality: Education and Income

2024/09/07 Leave a comment

For the data nerds among us:

This short article continues my analysis of citizenship by examining the intersectionality between visible minorities, religious minorities and gender in terms of citizenship acquisition, education and income, 15 years old and higher.

Overall, the percentage of non-citizens is greatest among South Asian Hindus and Sikhs, likely reflecting India’s prohibition of dual citizenship. Black and Arab Muslims have higher rates of non-citizens than Christians save for Black Christian men. For the most part, being a university graduate does not appear to affect this overall pattern. None & secular have the largest median after-tax income across most visible and religious minority groups. Male non-citizens have significantly lower levels of government transfers than female non-citizens, again across most visible and religious minority groups. However, there are relatively few gender differences in poverty rates across most visible and religious minority groups.

To provide context on immigrant visible and religious minorities, Tables 1 and 2 provide the overall national and provincial percentages for all immigration periods.

Table 1 highlights the percentage of the various visible minority groups at the national and provincial levels. Overall, 53 percent are female immigrants. The higher percentage of female immigrants applies to most groups with the exception of Arabs and West Asians, where women form less than 50 percent of all immigrants.

Visible minorities form 69 percent of all immigrants but this percentage has increased to 83 percent in the most recent census period, with more Black and Filipino immigrants than Chinese, and more West Asians than Southeast Asians.

Similarly, Table 2 provides a similar breakdown for religious minorities for all immigration periods, national and provincial. Overall, women form 52 percent across all religions, with Buddhists and Christians having higher percentages of women, while Muslims being the only group with a marginally smaller percentage of women.

Religious diversity is increasing. While non-Christians formed 53 percent across all immigration periods, they formed 60 percent of immigrants in the 2016-21 census period. The percentage of Muslim immigrants has increased from 13 to 20 percent, Hindus from 6 to 11 percent, Sikhs have increased marginally from five to six percent. Both Buddhists and Jews have declined; the former from 3 to 1.5 percent, the latter from one to 0.5 percent.

Religious diversity varies among visible minority groups.

Some visible minority groups have greater religious diversity than others, notably South Asians, Blacks, Southeast Asians and to a lesser extent Arabs, West Asians and Japanese. The percentage of None & secular is highest among Chinese and Japanese. I have not included traditional given the small overall numbers and minimal numbers among visible minorities.

Table 3 highlights the overall contrast between those who have naturalized and those who remain non-citizens. Overall, the percentage of non citizens is greatest among South Asian Sikhs and Hindus, Black and Arab Muslims, Latin American and Korean None & secular, along with all religions among Japanese. The greater percentage of non-citizens among South Asian Hindus and Sikhs may reflect India’s prohibition of dual citizenship; however, China’s similar prohibition does not appear to have impacted naturalization to the same degree. Fewer women than men are naturalized among Buddhists, Southeast Asian and Korean None & secular, and all Japanese religions.

Education

Table 4 provides the population numbers by religious affiliation of visible minorities for all education levels and bachelor’s degree or higher, along with the percentage of bachelor degrees, ordered by group size. University degrees vary significantly by visible minority group, with Blacks, Latin Americans, Southeast Asians having lower rates than non visible minorities. With respect to religious minority groups, Buddhists and Sikhs have lower rates than Christians, who in turn have lower rates than Hindus, None & secular, Jewish and Muslims.

Table 5 contrasts non-citizen rates for the university educated. Highest rates for non-citizens are Japanese Buddhists and Christians, South Asian Hindus and Sikhs, followed by Black and Latin American Christians and Muslims. Overall, more women remain non-citizens than men among Buddhists, Sikhs and None & secular with exceptions for South Asian and Black women None & secular. The greatest gaps are with Southeast Asian, Korean and Japanese all major religions, and West Asian Christians.

Income: After-tax, government transfers, poverty rate

Table 6 compares median after tax income, government transfers and poverty rates by visible minority, religious minority and gender. With respect to median income, the overall pattern shows that non-citizen visible minorities, regardless of their religious affiliations, have lower median incomes than visible minority citizens, with gender varying by group. Chinese and Southeast Asian women, all religions have higher incomes than citizens, as do Arab Muslims and no religion secular.

Most racialized/religious women citizens have significantly lower median AT income save for Black Christians, Black Muslims and no religion, secular. While overall gender differences are generally small, Buddhist non-citizen women are doing relatively better than Buddhist non-citizens men and Jewish women relatively worse.

Women have higher levels of government transfers then men across all groups save West Asian Christian non-citizens, reflecting child benefits, CPP, OAS, survivor benefits, GIS supplement and possibly social assistance with the exception of traditional overall and all Japanese men, among non visible minorities, only Christian men have a lower percentage.

Table 7 compares the after-tax median income of religious minorities compared to Christians for naturalized citizens and non-citizens. Among the visible minority population, Hindu men citizens and non-citizens have higher median income than Christians, as do Jewish women citizens and Jewish men non-citizens and Arab Muslim women citizens and non-citizens. For most visible minority groups, None & secular citizens and non-citizens have higher median incomes than Christians, with the exception of South Asian women non-citizens, Black citizens and non-citizens, Chinese citizens and non-citizens, Filipino non-citizens, and Southeast Asian men citizens and all non-citizens.

The positive income gap between citizens and non-citizens is greatest for None & secular for most groups. Conversely, the positive income gap for non-citizens compared to citizens is for south Asian Hindu and Muslim men, Chinese Buddhists and None & secular, and Japanese Buddhists and None & secular.

Concluding observations

In general, visible minority group affiliation is more significant in education and income differences than religious affiliation. However, the variation within visible minority groups by religious affiliation is significant, particularly for Buddhists, Muslims and Sikhs.

Overall, the percentage of non-citizens is greatest among South Asian Hindus and Sikhs, likely reflecting India’s prohibition of dual citizenship. Black and Arab Muslims have higher rates of non-citizens than Christians save for Black Christian men. For the most part, being a university graduate does not appear to affect this overall pattern. None & secular have the largest median after-tax income across most visible and religious minority groups. Male non-citizens have significantly lower levels of government transfers than women, again across most visible and religious minority groups. However, there are relatively few gender differences in poverty rates across most visible and religious minority groups.

Just as there is diversity within visible and religious minority groups, largely reflecting country of origin, this analysis highlights the need for ongoing disaggregated data to better understand the dynamics behind immigrant integration and citizenship.

Filed under Citizenship, Multiculturalism Tagged with ,

‘We were ahead of the parade’: Canada is following Quebec’s lead on tightening immigration

2024/09/06 Leave a comment

My Quebec friends and experts, point out the hypocrisy given that Quebec also jumped on the Temporary Foreign Workers bandwagon.

With only two years experience in politics, Quebec Immigration Minister Christine Fréchette may be a political upstart, but she seems to be the spearhead of Canada’s immigration policy.

And now, with a mini cabinet shuffle likely on Thursday, François Legault could entrust her with yet another major file: the economy.

Since Fréchette took over as immigration minister in 2022, she has not been the most vocal or flamboyant minister but she has been trusted with one of her boss’s most cherished priorities. And again and again, Canada has followed Fréchette’s lead on immigration.

She was at the heart of a united front among the provinces on the asylum seekers file, she pushed Ottawa to impose a visa on Mexican nationals to enter the country and obtained a reimbursement of $750 million for the costs incurred in processing asylum seekers between 2021 and 2023.

The agreement, announced by Prime Minister Justin Trudeau and Premier François Legault in June, stung the premier of British Columbia, who denounced a double standard between Quebec and Western Canada.

“If this is a federal program to support newcomers, it needs to be in place nationally,” said Premier David Eby.

Yet since Legault became premier, the relationship between Quebec and the other provinces has rarely been as aligned on the issue.

In 2018, Legault wanted to limit the amount of immigrants Quebec takes in every year. Quebec has an accord with the feds that gives it more power than other provinces to select newcomers. The move, at the time, was criticized in the province, but also elsewhere in the country at a time when the Trudeau government had an open-arms approach to immigration.

In an interview with the National Post, Christine Fréchette underlined how her party was a “pioneer” of the idea that Canada welcomes too many immigrants and that it must review its thresholds.

“Two years ago, we were practically the only ones to hold this discourse, and the rest of Canada accused us of being too rigid and almost anti-immigration,” she said.

These days, the CAQ’s vision of immigration is gaining traction elsewhere. “We were clear-sighted in this matter. We were ahead of the parade. We were the ones who shed light on the debate with what it could generate as negative impacts for Quebec in terms of perception,” she added.

For instance, Conservatives Leader Pierre Poilievre recently said the country “needs to have a growth rate that is below the growth in housing, health care and employment.”

In the province, the Liberal Party of Quebec, which used to accuse the CAQ of blowing “on the coals of intolerance” because of its stance on immigration, has recently said it wanted more control because “under the CAQ, we saw an uncontrolled increase in new arrivals.”

Even the Liberals in Ottawa are adjusting. The Trudeau government is currently targeting about half a million new permanent residents a year, a sharp increase from about 300,000 a year when the Liberals came to power in 2015.

But Immigration Minister Marc Miller has already announced a plan to reduce the number of non-permanent immigrant by about 20 per cent over the next three years. He also wants to decrease the temporary resident population to about five per cent of Canada’s total. It currently stands at nearly seven per cent.

“Now that the rest of Canada is starting to endorse a vision that is close to that of Quebec, that we cannot open the doors without counting, I hope that this will positively change the image of Quebec,” Fréchette said.

CAQ officials even said that Fréchette’s work gave them the impression that she was Canada’s real minister of immigration.

“I think if that’s a compliment, then good for her,” said Miller in a phone call with the National Post. “I know we have a role to make things work, and I certainly have been accused, I think unfairly, of wanting to change the shape of Quebec. So maybe it’s a backwards insult to her.”

The feeling is far from unanimous in Quebec, as in Ottawa, but in both capitals, sources are quick to emphasize to what extent she is competent and in control of her files.

The vision of Quebec and how it sees the role of immigrants and immigration, in addition to its resistance towards its federal counterpart tees up “really difficult relationships,” according to Miller.

But he salutes Fréchette’s dedication in attending meetings with other provinces to make her point of view known and push for reforms.

“Whether (Fréchette is) calling the shots, (that) certainly isn’t the case,” he said.

In an interview, Fréchette said she doesn’t really feel like a federal minister, but she emphasized how effective her government has been.

She doesn’t want the federal job, saying she’s “happy that minister Miller is in charge” and that he has a lot to do in his portfolio.

However, it’s a portfolio that could quickly slip away from her. On Wednesday, Quebec’s “super minister” who oversees economic and energy issues, Pierre Fitzgibbon, confirmed he was stepping down after earlier reports sent the province into a political tizzy. “Fitz” is a key player in the plan to entice electric vehicle battery plants to Quebec that has been making headlines in the province for the past few years.

Fréchette’s name was soon circulating as a successor. A source told the National Post that she would gladly take charge of this economic file. Fréchette, who has a background in economics, is “ready for changes,” the source said.

“Be patient,” said Legault at a press conference when asked if Fréchette was on the list to succeed Fitzgibbon. He also confirmed that he would make a ministerial adjustment on Thursday in Quebec City.

Source: ‘We were ahead of the parade’: Canada is following Quebec’s lead on tightening immigration

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Canada’s migrant farm workers need better protection. A new program could help — if grocery chains and consumers buy in

2024/09/06 Leave a comment

Private certification programs certainly can have a role. Ironically, industry concentration can help their effectiveness if they become accepted:

The proposed fair farmwork certification is designed to complement authorities’ enforcement of employment standards, a stick that’s imperfect at best. The certification is meant to be the carrot, rewarding operators who treat their employees well and helping them attract and retain workers in an industry with chronic labour shortages.

Although such voluntary programs by non-governmental organizations already exist in other jurisdictions, they need buy-in from grocery retailers and even consumers. Advocates and experts say this initiative can help address issues of food security, food processing quality standards and labour exploitation.

“What we eat matters. There are so many other human beings involved who do not have the same rights as we do, and they deserve to have better conditions,” said University of Windsor Prof. Tanya Basok. Basok led the project with Anna Triandafyllidou, Canada Excellence Research Chair in Migration and Integration at Toronto Metropolitan University.

“A lot of businesses nowadays have social responsibility statements and that’s how they buy their customer loyalty.” 

The launch comes just as Ottawa is about to give these workers the freedom to change employers within the agricultural sector.

Researchers examined current social certification projects for food production and explored how best to introduce such a program in Canada. This month, the Fair Farmwork Toolkit will be released as a step-by-step guide.

Basok, whose research focuses on migrant rights, said a lot of Canadians started to recognize the role of migrant farm workers in the food supply chain and their precariousness and working conditions during the pandemic.

Despite government attempts to improve labour protection, she said many migrant workers remain silent because they are afraid to be sent home and denied work by employers if they speak out.

“The working conditions have to improve,” Basok explained. “Inspections would be one way. But there has to be something more. What would encourage growers to provide better conditions for the worker? So that’s where we’ll bring some kind of market mechanisms to improve working conditions.”

Researcher Erika Borrelli said the fair-farmwork certification could highlight the work of good growers and help improve their competitiveness in attracting and retaining high-quality workers, especially as changes are underway by Ottawa to introduce sector-wide work permits for migrant farm workers. The research was supported by The WES Mariam Assefa Fund.

What different certification models have in common, she noted, is they all provide a way for workers to express their needs and concerns.

The Equitable Food Initiative, for instance, started in the U.S. as a coalition by Oxfam America, Costco Wholesale and United Farm Workers. It was launched as an independent non-profit social enterprise in 2015 that offers a comprehensive certification audit, covering labour conditions, food safety and pest management.

An Equitable Food Initiative label signifies that the food comes from a grower that meets the standards in compensating and treating the workers fairly.

“Let’s say Costco has a few big farms in Ontario or B.C., and they say, ‘We now want all of our suppliers to abide by social certification standards and otherwise we’re not buying your product,’” said Borrelli, who prepared the tool kit.

“So what’s the grower going to do? When Costco, Walmart, Target and all these retailers demand more from their suppliers, there’s that level of enforcement.” 

Sunrite Greenhouses, a farm in Kingsville, Ont., learned about the EFI program over a year ago after one of its U.S.-based customers requested it to complete a social responsibility audit. Two trainers provided training to 20 leadership team members at the farm, which drew from all levels of the company from worker to the CEO.

The one-time training was followed by an audit, which identified issues and gave the management an opportunity to fix them. The Equitable Food Initiative certificate was then issued upon compliance. The workers have a voice on the leadership team and there is an anonymous reporting system to let them report issues, make comments and suggestions in their native languages. The training cost $20,000 (U.S.), which is separate from the audit fee.

“We are starting to see a culture shift in the company where employees are prioritizing safety and the well-being of all workers more, and there has been a slight boost in morale,” said Amanda Sharman, food safety compliance and regulatory specialist and EFI co-ordinator for Del Fresco Produce Ltd.

“When workers are happier because they feel like they are heard, and they can see improvements being made … we see productivity, camaraderie and safety culture all increase.”

Del Fresco operates Sunrite, which hires 170 foreign workers and 20 domestic workers during the peak of the season. The 46-acre farm produces tomatoes, peppers and organic mini-cucumbers.

Migrant worker advocate Gabriel Allahdua said that when he makes presentations to university students about workers’ rights, the audience is often interested in how to buy food that is ethically sourced and what they can do as consumers to support workers.

“Consumer power can certainly create changes in the market,” said Allahdua, who first came to Canada from St. Lucia in 2012 under the seasonal agricultural worker program. “So this is filling a void for Canadians, who are increasingly raising concerns.”

Having another tool to hold growers and grocery retailers accountable is welcomed, he said, but no matter how a certification mechanism is shaped, farm workers must be actively involved in decision-making.

Chris Ramsaroop, an organizer of Justicia for Migrant Workers, said a certification process can never replace legislative protections because participation is voluntary and it fails to address what he called the indentured nature of migrant worker schemes.

“It is imperative that the necessary structural measures are undertaken so that agricultural workers can exert their rights to organize and collectively bargain,” said Ramsaroop. 

“It is imperative that these type of fair food programs do not impede or become an obstacle to the advocacy and organizing that address larger structural reforms to our food system, our agricultural system and our immigration system.”

Source: Canada’s migrant farm workers need better protection. A new program could help — if grocery chains and consumers buy in

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Ottawa warned release of names of Nazi war criminals who settled in Canada could help Russia

2024/09/06 Leave a comment

Of note (hard to satisfy both groups…):

…A report by LAC on its consultation in June and July, seen by The Globe and Mail, says many stakeholders it spoke to were concerned about the implications “of associating Ukrainian names with Nazis, especially considering that this was part of Russia’s invasion of Ukraine in February 2022.”

They were worried that Russia could use the report to “further these allegations or conduct disinformation campaigns in Canada,” which might affect public support here for Ukraine.

Ihor Michalchyshyn, chief executive officer and executive director of the Ukrainian Canadian Congress, said he thought the government is bound by Justice Deschênes’s view that Part 2 of the report should “remain confidential.”

But he added that all alleged war criminals, regardless of when or where they committed their crimes, should be brought to trial under Canadian criminal law. “If evidence of wartime criminality by any person found in Canada exists, that information must be communicated to the proper authorities for investigation,” he said.

The report by LAC on its consultation said some people expressed concern that people who committed atrocities during the Second World War “were allowed to live peacefully in Canada and never faced any justice measures due to insufficient evidence.”…

Source: Ottawa warned release of names of Nazi war criminals who settled in Canada could help Russia

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SCOTUS ruling on citizenship proof for new voters has an outsized impact for Native voters

2024/09/06 Leave a comment

Interesting wrinkle:

With the recent U.S. Supreme Court ruling that now requires potential voters to provide proof of citizenship with their state-created voter registration forms, Indigenous voting rights advocates want Indigenous people to know that they can still register to vote as tribal citizens.

Patty Ferguson-Bohnee said that Indigenous people living in Arizona who are enrolled in a federally recognized tribe can use their tribal identification numbers to prove their citizenship.

“As long as a tribal member is an enrolled member of their tribe, they can use that tribal ID number to register on the state form, and that will prove citizenship for purposes of voter registration,” she said, adding that it’s because all Indigenous peoples were declared citizens of the United States in 1924.

Ferguson-Bohnee is the Director of the Indian Legal Clinic and a Clinical Professor of Law at the Sandra Day O’Connor College of Law. She also coordinates the Arizona Native Vote Election Protect Project, which focuses on protecting the right to vote for Indigenous voters in Arizona.

“If you prove you’re a Native American through using your enrollment number, your citizenship is verified,” she said because there is a space for Indigenous peoples to include that specific information on the state voter registration form.

“The people who are registering voters need to know that we can’t leave that blank because if you do not provide that on your state form, they will reject it,” Ferguson-Bohnee added.

The U.S. Supreme Court ruled on Aug. 22 that Arizona can enforce part of a voter registration law being challenged in federal court, allowing the state to bar legal voters from registering weeks before the election.

Ferguson-Bohnee said the law will cause some confusion among organizations and people out in the community trying to register voters, and it may discourage voters from registering.

“The goal of the law was to create barriers to the ballot box,” she said. “And even to prevent eligible voters from registering to vote.”

Lower courts initially blocked the Arizona law in 2022, but in a 5-4 order, the Supreme Court reinstated a portion of the law that allows the state to stop accepting state-created voter registration forms from Arizona residents unless they provide proof of citizenship.

The ruling means that potential voters who register to vote in Arizona using the state-created voter registration forms will need documentation proving citizenship for the registration to be valid. If no proof is provided, the state will reject the form — without informing them.

Ferguson Bohnee said there is no option to correct the form once it gets rejected, so she suggests that people register with the federal forms first. Then, when they have all the documentation readily available, their registration can be promoted to full-ballot voters.

“It’s very discouraging because it’s making a change right in the midst of the election process when people are registering people to vote,” Ferguson-Bohnee said. “This decision by the court is revising the playing field for election law.”

Not all Indigenous peoples may have their enrollment numbers available, but that shouldn’t discourage them from trying to register to vote. Ferguson-Bohnee said that is when they should register using the federal voter registration form.

She said that registering with a federal form only requires people to affirm their citizenship, not provide document proof, so people will be registered to vote in federal elections, including the presidential and senate races.

However, Ferguson-Bohnee said that if the voter can provide documentary proof of citizenship later, their status will be moved to a full ballot voter, which includes state elections — but that has to be done the Thursday before Election Day.

The court ruling has left some voting organizations baffled about their best course of action because it disrupts the plan of action that has been in motion within Indigenous communities for months.

Arizona Native Vote Executive Director Jaynie Parrish said it has left her team in limbo.

“We’re waiting to hear more directions on what our team needs to do,” Parrish said, adding they haven’t been provided a clear path forward on how this impacts Indigenous voters in Arizona.

Source: SCOTUS ruling on citizenship proof for new voters has an outsized impact for Native voters

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Angus-Reid Federal Politics: Concern over immigration quadruples over last 48 months

2024/09/05 Leave a comment

Of note, again linked mainly to housing and employment concerns:

…When parliament resumes seating later this month, there will be a full docket of issues waiting to be addressed. A majority of Canadians (57%) believe the cost of living is one of the top issues facing the country at the moment, while more than two-in-five (45%) say the same of health care. Behind that, one-in-three worry over housing affordability. Other concerns trail far behind those three, but at least one-in-five say climate change (21%), immigration (21%), and crime and public safety (19%) are key challenges for Canada:


Concern over immigration nearly quadruples over past two years

Some issues are lingering – cost of living, health care, and housing affordability have consistently been selected by Canadians as top issues over the past two years – while others have grown more pressing according to Canadians. The proportion of Canadians that select Immigration / Refugees as a top issue has nearly quadrupled over the past two years.

Perhaps at issue is growing attention over the ripple effects of the federal government’s Temporary Foreign Workers program, which had been expanded as the country dealt with a post-pandemic labour shortage. In 2023, the federal government allowed employers to hire nearly 240,000 temporary foreign workers, more than double the amount it allowed in 2018. After a cabinet retreat focused on housing and immigration, the federal Liberal government announced plans to scale back the program. There will be more to come on Canadian public opinion on the Temporary Foreign Workers program in a forthcoming report.

Those who say they will vote Conservative if the election were held today are the most likely to be concerned about immigration. It’s the second most chosen issue behind the high cost of living among those likely voters. Conservative leader Pierre Poilievre has said a government led by him would reduce immigration, keeping population growth lower than the number of new homes.

The issues concerning likely Liberal voters remain consistent from two years ago, while those who say they will vote NDP are becoming increasingly concerned with housing affordability (+9) and less so with climate change (-11)…

Source: Federal Politics: Concern over immigration quadruples over last 48 months

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The Muslim Choice: Integration or Confrontation

2024/09/05 Leave a comment

Could also be written for many religions, the fundamentalist vs moderate:

…Two narratives about Islam have developed in western European countries, where Muslims are now a substantial minority presence. The first is of people from various countries settling into their new homes determined to live in peace with (if often at a distance from) their neighbours and the state. In several cases, these newcomers make a considerable contribution to public life: 25 Muslims were elected to the UK parliament in the July general election. The second narrative is of a group aggressively insisting upon their religious rights while they assert that they are the victims of comprehensive Western racism. Occasionally, atrocities are committed, usually by young Muslim men invoking Allah and at the deliberate cost of their own lives.

Likewise, parallel narratives have developed among the Muslim communities themselves. The first understands the West as a place in which they can live relatively well, practise their religion (or not) with little or no opposition, and enjoy freedoms often not available in their own—or their parents’—birth countries. A quite separate view sees relations with state authorities and native citizens in adversarial terms—a constant struggle against a colonial legacy of Islamophobic prejudice, hostility, suspicion, and barriers to freedom of expression and female dress that demand a militant response.

The attacks on mosques and individual Muslims during the August riots demonstrate that bigotry is still a problem among some cohorts of the UK population. But Islamophobia is also a much-abused and hotly contested term. Long before the summer riots, accusations of Islamophobia were used by those eager to deflect—or even reverse—blame for Muslim violence, and amplified by sympathetic parts of the media and some public figures. 

Yet polling does suggest that moderate British Muslim attitudes and communities are not a myth. In 2020, the Crest consultancy launched a research project that compared polls and focus groups of Muslims in eight towns and cities with a comparative group of the general population. The project concluded that: 

We found majorities of British Muslims trust the police, are concerned about Islamist extremism, support the aims of the [government’s counter-extremism] Prevent programme and would refer someone to it if they suspected that they were being radicalised. We found that the views of British Muslims frequently mirror those of the general population and even where they differ they rarely do so dramatically. 

Crest also found that British Muslims have a “broader range of views than is commonly acknowledged by politicians, the media and other participants in the debate on extremism.” The authors do not use the phrase “Muslim community,” since they believe the Muslim population is too diverse to make such a term useful. Instead, Muslims are seen as members of a common faith with differing backgrounds, ideas, and customs who have largely adapted to life in a new country.

As the August riots died down, another poll was conducted by More in Common, a think tank established in 2016 after the murder of Labour MP Jo Cox, and named after a House of Commons speech in which she said, “We have far more in common than that which divides us.” Its findings underlined the moderation of the British population as a whole and appeared to show that we do indeed have much in common in our views on extremism. Between 87 and 97 percent of respondents said, “The riots do not speak for me.” The outlier was Reform Party supporters, 41 percent of whom said that the riots did, in some measure, speak for them….

John Lloyd was a domestic and foreign correspondent for the Financial Times and a co-founder of the Reuters Institute for the Study of Journalism.

Source: The Muslim Choice: Integration or Confrontation

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Lisée | Le Khmer bleu

2024/09/05 Leave a comment

Another interesting article by Lisée. May suggest BQ is concerned about apparent increase in support of Conservatives in Quebec but his points about vitriol are valid:

Lorsque Stephen Harper a pris le pouvoir en 2006, une de ses tâches les plus délicates était de maintenir l’unité d’un caucus de 124 députés. Certains des membres provenaient de l’ancien Parti conservateur, plus centriste, d’autres de l’ancien Reform Party, plus radicalement conservateur.

Le député de Nepean-Carleton, Pierre Poilievre, avait 26 ans. Il était le plus jeune député de la Chambre. Chaque mercredi au caucus conservateur, il se présentait au micro pour prêcher la bonne parole du conservatisme fiscal.

Poilievre avait des alliés. C’est que, la veille du caucus s’était réuni un groupe de députés partageant la même vision des choses, et déterminés à coordonner leur action pour contrebalancer l’influence des centristes, ces dépensiers, ces mous, ces libéraux égarés dans la grande tente de Harper. Le groupe avait débattu du nom qu’il devait se donner. Poilievre avait suggéré le « Liberty Caucus ». D’autres avaient proposé « True Blue ». Mais le député de Saskatchewan Andrew Scheer et l’Ontarienne Cheryl Gallant se disputent la paternité du nom finalement choisi : les Khmers bleus.

L’appellation est audacieuse, car elle renvoie aux Khmers rouges, les communistes cambodgiens qui ont à leur actif d’avoir torturé et assassiné plus d’un million et demi de leurs concitoyens — 25 % de la population du pays — entre 1975 et 1979. Vous me savez charitable, je conclurai donc que ce choix n’attestait pas d’une volonté d’assassiner leurs adversaires politiques. Seulement de les torturer. Je veux dire : psychologiquement. Au fond, ils exprimaient ainsi leur penchant pour l’intransigeance idéologique. C’est déjà assez chargé, merci. Détail intéressant : Maxime Bernier en était membre.

Harper était ravi de l’existence du groupe. Selon Andrew Lawton, qui raconte cet épisode dans son récent Pierre Poilievre: A Political Life (Sutherland), le premier ministre a indiqué à un des Khmers bleus que « les Red Tories et les députés québécois [deux groupes souvent indiscernables] étaient ceux qui réclamaient le plus d’attention dans les rencontres et exerçaient par conséquent une influence disproportionnée ».

Il fallait leur faire contrepoids. Un des membres du groupe, l’Albertain Rob Anders, se souvient que les rencontres produisaient chaque fois un consensus. « Puis nous nous présentions au caucus le matin suivant pour le marteler pendant les 30 secondes allouées à chaque député ». Un des Red Tories, Peter MacKay, décrit le jeune Poilievre comme un « faucon » se jetant comme sur une proie sur toute nouvelle dépense gouvernementale. Maintenant que Pierre Poilievre est dans l’antichambre du pouvoir, un trait de caractère s’impose, aiguisé par les années qui passent : l’intransigeance. Nous sommes en présence d’un homme politique volontaire, constant, d’une intelligence vive. Mais aussi d’un homme qui devait être absent, ou distrait, ou dissident, le jour où fut enseigné l’art de la nuance. Le jour aussi où il fut question de civilité, d’empathie, de « fair-play ».

Comme les Khmers cambodgiens, mais sans leur goût pour l’hémoglobine, Poilievre est partisan de l’affrontement total, de la terre brûlée, de l’annihilation (politique) de l’ennemi. J’en tiens pour preuve qu’il n’a pas le moindre scrupule à utiliser l’insulte personnelle et le mensonge pour arriver à ses fins.

L’insulte ? Affirmer que le chef du Nouveau Parti démocratique (NPD), Jagmeet Singh, est « un vendu » et que la seule raison pour laquelle il tient le gouvernement Trudeau au pouvoir n’est pas, comme il le dit, pour assurer aux Canadiens une assurance dentaire ou des médicaments gratuits, mais pour s’assurer de toucher sa pension, relève d’une volonté de détruire une réputation. Pas un programme, pas une idéologie, pas une proposition trop coûteuse : une réputation.

Le mensonge ? Cet été, le parti de Poilievre a diffusé une publicité peignant Singh comme un élitiste aimant les montres de luxe (il en a deux, reçues en cadeau), les BMW (vrai), les vestons bien coupés (vrai) et qui a fait ses études à Beverly Hills. Oups. La publicité omet de dire que c’est Beverly Hills, dans le Michigan. La volonté de tromper l’auditeur est patente. On y apprend aussi que Singh est un vendu, car il a décidé « de se joindre à Trudeau pour augmenter les taxes, les crimes et le coût de l’habitation ». En échange, il peut rester député jusqu’en 2025 pour ainsi « toucher sa pension de deux millions de dollars ».

Une pension de deux millions ? C’est beaucoup. En fait, il ne pourra la toucher qu’en 2035. En fait, elle ne sera que de 45 000 $ par an. Pour arriver à deux millions, il faut présumer qu’il ne mourra qu’à 90 ans, ce qui est vraisemblable, mais nullement scandaleux.

Beaucoup d’énergies sont investies par Poilievre et son équipe de Khmers bleus pour détruire l’adversaire, à l’aide d’exagérations — ce qui est courant — et de mensonges — ce qui n’était pas encore normalisé dans le discours politique canadien. Poilievre est un agent de propagation de l’irrespect mutuel.

En avril dernier, à la frontière du Nouveau-Brunswick, Poilievre a vu de sa voiture un groupe de manifestants arborant un drapeau « Fuck Trudeau ». Il s’est arrêté pour les saluer et leur a dit, au sujet du premier ministre : « Tout ce qu’il dit est de la bullshit. Tout, sans exception. » Peut-on imaginer Joe Clark, Brian Mulroney, même Stephen Harper aller gaiement à la rencontre de gens portant un message aussi grossier, les encourager et manquer à ce point de respect pour leur adversaire politique ? La réponse est évidemment non.

Au moment où les Américains pourraient (j’insiste sur le conditionnel) tourner la page sur dix ans de vitriol, les Canadiens s’apprêtent, l’an prochain, à entrer dans la zone de fiel.

Source: Chronique | Le Khmer bleu

Computer translation:

When Stephen Harper took power in 2006, one of his most delicate tasks was to maintain the unity of a caucus of 124 MPs. Some of the members came from the former Conservative Party, more centrist, others from the former Reform Party, more radically conservative.

The deputy of Nepean-Carleton, Pierre Poilievre, was 26 years old. He was the youngest member of the House. Every Wednesday at the conservative caucus, he appeared at the microphone to preach the good word of fiscal conservatism.

Poilievre had allies. It is that, the day before the caucus, a group of deputies had met who shared the same vision of things, and determined to coordinate their action to counterbalance the influence of the centrists, these spendthrift, these soft, these liberals lost in Harper’s large tent. The group had debated the name it had to give itself. Poilievre had suggested the “Liberty Caucus”. Others had proposed “True Blue”. But Saskatchewan MP Andrew Scheer and Ontario Cheryl Gallant are fighting for the authorship of the name finally chosen: the Khmer Blue.

The name is bold, because it refers to the Khmer Rouge, the Cambodian communists who have tortured and murdered more than one and a half million of their fellow citizens – 25% of the country’s population – between 1975 and 1979. You know me charitable, so I will conclude that this choice did not attest to a desire to assassinate their political opponents. Only to torture them. I mean: psychologically. Basically, they expressed their penchant for ideological intransigence. It’s already busy enough, thank you. Interesting detail: Maxime Bernier was a member.

Harper was delighted with the existence of the group. According to Andrew Lawton, who recounts this episode in his recent Pierre Poilievre: A Political Life (Sutherland), the Prime Minister told one of the Khmer Blue that “the Red Tories and Quebec deputies [two often indistinguishable groups] were those who demanded the most attention in the meetings and consequently exerted disproportionate influence”.

They had to be counterweighted. One of the members of the group, the Albertan Rob Anders, remembers that the meetings produced a consensus each time. “Then we presented ourselves to the caucus the next morning to hammer it during the 30 seconds allocated to each deputy.” One of the Red Tories, Peter MacKay, describes the young Poilievre as a “hawk” throwing himself like a prey on any new government spending. Now that Pierre Poilievre is in the anteroom of power, a character trait is necessary, sharpened by the passing years: intransigence. We are in the presence of a strong-willed, constant politician with a lively intelligence. But also of a man who must have been absent, or distracted, or dissident, on the day the art of nuance was taught. Also the day when there was talk of civility, empathy, “fair play”.

Like the Cambodian Khmers, but without their taste for hemoglobin, Poilievre is a supporter of total confrontation, of the scorched earth, of the (political) annihilation of the enemy. I take it as proof that he has no qualms about using personal insult and lies to achieve his ends.

The insult? To say that the leader of the New Democratic Party (NDP), Jagmeet Singh, is “sold out” and that the only reason he holds the Trudeau government in power is not, as he says, to provide Canadians with dental insurance or free medication, but to ensure that he receives his pension, is a desire to destroy a reputation. Not a program, not an ideology, not a proposal that is too expensive: a reputation.

The lie? This summer, Poilievre’s party broadcast an advertisement painting Singh as an elitist who loves luxury watches (he has two, received as a gift), BMWs (real), well-cut jackets (true) and who studied in Beverly Hills. Oops. Advertising omits to say that it is Beverly Hills, Michigan. The desire to deceive the listener is patent. We also learn that Singh is a sold out, because he has decided “to join Trudeau to increase taxes, crimes and the cost of housing”. In exchange, he can remain a deputy until 2025 to “receive his pension of two million dollars”.

A pension of two million? That’s a lot. In fact, he will not be able to touch it until 2035. In fact, it will only be $45,000 per year. To get to two million, we must assume that he will only die at 90, which is likely, but in no way scandalous.

A lot of energy is invested by Poilievre and his team of Blue Khmers to destroy the opponent, using exaggerations – which is common – and lies – which was not yet normalized in Canadian political discourse. Poilievre is a spreading agent of mutual disrespect.

Last April, on the New Brunswick border, Poilievre saw from his car a group of demonstrators flying a “Fuck Trudeau” flag. He stopped to greet them and told them, about the Prime Minister: “Everything he says is bullshit. Everything, without exception. “Can we imagine Joe Clark, Brian Mulroney, even Stephen Harper cheerfully meeting people carrying such a rude message, encouraging them and disrespecting their political opponent so much? The answer is obviously no.

At a time when Americans could (I insist on the conditional) turn the page on ten years of vitriol, Canadians are preparing, next year, to enter the bile zone.

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Don Wright: Will Trudeau make it impossible for Eby to succeed?

2024/09/04 Leave a comment

Valid arguments:

It is three-and-a-half months since David Eby took the reins of power in B.C. There is no denying the energy and ambition he has brought to the role. Announcement after announcement has rolled out of the Premier’s Office since December 8 across a broad spectrum of initiatives in health care, housing, energy, infrastructure, increases in affordability tax credits and family benefits, and many, many more.

This column isn’t going to analyze the pluses and minuses of this ambition. Instead, I will argue that Premier Eby’s success on the big questions that will ultimately determine his political success may well be largely out of his control.

The most recent polling in B.C. shows that the most important issues are housing affordability, inflation/rising interest rates, and health care. Inflation and rising interest rates are overwhelmingly determined by federal monetary and fiscal policy, so largely outside the control of Premier Eby.  What about the other two big issues – health care and housing affordability?  While these two areas look to be within the domain of the provincial government, B.C.’s success in addressing the public’s concerns here will be largely hostage to the federal government’s immigration policy.  Let me explain.

Since it came to office, the current federal government has increased the level of immigration into Canada significantly.  Most of the attention has been focused on the increase in new permanent residents.  Last year, 438,000 people were granted permanent resident status, a 60% increase over 2015.  The federal government plans to raise this to 500,000 by 2025.

What receives less attention is another category of people coming to Canada – “non-permanent residents.”  This category includes Temporary Foreign Workers, International Students, and the International Mobility Program, which provides multi-year permits to live and work in Canada.  This category has been growing as well.  In fact, this category has been growing at a faster rate than permanent residents.  Last year there was a net increase of 608,000 in non-permanent residents. 

So, in total, the federal immigration policy resulted in an additional 1.045 million people coming to Canada – far and away the largest number of newcomers to Canada in one year ever.  Last year 160,000 of the 1.045 million came to B.C.

The rationale for these unprecedented numbers is that Canada has a “worker shortage.”  This rationale is almost entirely fallacious, but that is a subject for another column.  Let’s focus here on what this means to Premier Eby.

What is the basic problem in health care?  An inability to meet the public’s demands for medical services.  One million British Columbians don’t have a family doctor.  Waiting lists to get to see specialists and to get necessary surgery continue to get longer.  No doubt part of the problem is a result of the Covid pandemic.  But that rationalization is buying less and less forbearance by the public as we get further and further away from those dire days in 2020 and 2021.

The federal government’s prescription for this?  A rapid increase in the number of people who will need services from our health care system!

A story is spun is that the government will use the higher immigration numbers to bring in more health care professionals.  But this would only work if the proportion of qualified doctors, nurses and allied health workers in the more than one million new Canadians is significantly larger than the existing proportion of those professionals in the current Canadian population, and that they could get licenced immediately to practice in Canada.  Neither of these conditions will be met. 

The net result of this?  Premier Eby is going to have even more difficulty in delivering improved health care accessibility to British Columbians.

And then there is housing.  Almost all of the narrative around the shortage of affordable housing focuses on the supply side.  If only we could force municipalities to make permitting easier and faster, and to zone more density, our housing affordability would be solved.  The fact is, we build a lot of homes in B.C.  In Greater Vancouver – ground zero in our housing affordability problem – 365,000 homes were built in the 20 years between 2001 and 2021.  And there has been ample densification, as a walk through any of the redeveloped neighbourhoods in Vancouver shows. 

But supply is only half of the equation. Demand matters too.  And as quickly as we have built new homes, the population in our major urban centres rises as well. 

The Federal Government’s prescription for this?  Ramp up immigration numbers!

Again, a story is spun that this will actually increase housing supply because we are going to bring in more trades workers to build the houses we need.  Suffice it to say there are some pretty heroic assumptions here.  It is not going to work.

Of the 160,000 new British Columbians last year, more than 95% settled in the Lower Mainland, Southern Vancouver Island, and the Okanagan – where affordable housing was already acutely unavailable.

The net result?  Premier Eby is going to have even more difficulty in delivering more affordable housing.

This is all good for one group of British Columbians – those that are fortunate enough to already own a home.  So, thank you, Mr. Trudeau for making me wealthier and my fellow boomers wealthier. 

But if I were Premier Eby, I don’t think I would be quite as grateful.

Don Wright was the former deputy minister to the B.C. Premier, Cabinet Secretary and former head of the B.C. Public Service until late 2020. He now is senior counsel at Global Public Affairs.

Source: Don Wright: Will Trudeau make it impossible for Eby to succeed?

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Kelly: Fix, don’t gut, the temporary foreign worker program

2024/09/04 Leave a comment

The CFIB view. Like Century Initiative and others, having to adjust to the new public opinion environment that their previously successful lobbying and pressures helped create.

It will be interesting to see how far a future Conservative government would restrict access to low-wage temporary workers given their sympathies with SMEs (large companies not so much):

…Canada needs to have an adult conversation about the labour market and admit that there are many jobs and locations where there aren’t enough Canadians to fill the gaps. TFWs can help supplement the Canadian labour force and protect Canadian jobs. I’ve spoken to several restaurant owners who have said they can find Canadian young people willing to work as servers in the front of house, but can find no one willing to staff in the kitchen. Hiring a couple of experienced cooks from overseas helps them ensure there is work for their Canadian crew.  

As for taking jobs away from students, we need a big reality check. While students may be available for work during July and August, how does the business owner staff a day shift in September or October without people available for work year-round? 

There are legitimate criticisms of the program. Temporary workers are often hired by employers who really need permanent staff. But this is where there is large agreement between employers and migrant groups—and even the United Nations report. Creating greater pathways between the TFW program and permanent residency is a way to fix many of the programs’ defects. For years, the CFIB has lobbied government to shift elements of the TFW program to an Introduction to Canada program where TFWs can shift to permanent status after one-to-two years in Canada. This would allow the worker to learn the job, put down some roots in an area of Canada they may not have otherwise, and then have full labour-market mobility at the end. We see this as a way to balance the relationship between workers and employers. 

The vast majority of employers use the TFW program as a last resort in their hiring process and treat their workers—both Canadian and foreign—well. I’ve spoken to many employers who have built fantastic relationships with their foreign workers, and provided help to give them a great start in Canada. Shrinking the program is unlikely to help any Canadian looking for work, but will certainly add to the immense pressures already facing many of Canada’s small businesses.

Dan Kelly is the president of the Canadian Federation of Independent Business.

Source: Kelly: Fix, don’t gut, the temporary foreign worker program

Filed under Immigration Tagged with ,

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