John Ivison: How do the Liberals fix skyrocketing immigration? By lowering the entry standards

Beyond the header and the analysis, there is a need for a number of lower-skilled immigrants, both temporary and permanent. The question revolves around the level and the percentage of all immigrants and of course, many family class and refugees already provide a source of lower skilled levels, as does the Provincial Nominee Program in some cases.

Hopefully, the annual immigration plan will provide some clarity and not result in any further deskilling of economic immigrants as Skuterud fears.

But all too true about the aversion of the government to deport visa overstayers and undocumented migrants, noting correctly that “every single one has the potential to be a front-page Toronto Star sob story.”

…But the growth in college-level foreign student enrolments and the expansion of the low wage stream of temporary workers mean there are many migrants who would not meet the requirements of the skills-based points system.

Ottawa has now revealed its solution — that from this fall, it will create a new economic class of permanent residency candidates for people with high school education or less, who would not otherwise have qualified to stay.

Mikal Skuterud, a professor of economics at the University of Waterloo, said this is a first for Canada. He said he believes the measure is, at least in part, a “release valve” to address the bulging population of visa overstayers.

“Many of these non-permanent residents will never obtain skilled jobs and the current economic class selection system makes it difficult to prioritize applicants working in less-skilled jobs over high-skilled applicants. That’s the trade-off being made to avoid a growing undocumented population,” he said.

It is not clear yet how many of the 300,000 slots allocated for economic immigrants in 2025 will be filled from the new stream, but every one that is will be at the expense of a higher qualified person applying from abroad and going through the Comprehensive Ranking skills-based points system that has been the backbone of Canada’s successful immigration policy.

OECD data from 2021 showed that Canada was by far the most successful of its peers in picking immigrants with high levels of education — more than 70 per cent — compared to just 20 per cent with medium (high school level) education. That could soon change.

As Skuterud notes, there are going to be many frustrated foreign computer science graduates from Canada’s top universities who find their chances of coming to Canada permanently are now much reduced. “That’s not good if we’re genuinely concerned about labour productivity in this country,” he said.

The Immigration Department said no information is available on numbers or a timeline because “this initiative is at the proposal stage, with no certainty of being implemented.” But it is hard to see what else the government can do.

Ottawa obviously has no stomach to dramatically increase outflows of undocumented immigrants — deportations reached 16,205 in 2023 and every single one has the potential to be a front-page Toronto Star sob story.

The Liberals have already cut student visas by 35 per cent and limited the percentage of any given workforce that can be made up of low-wage foreign workers to 20 per cent from 30.

But these measures will take time to work — most students are here on multi-year visas and are eligible for a three-year work permit after graduation.

Against that background, turning temporary workers and students into permanent residents looks like a work of political genius.

But at a stroke, it undermines the integrity of a skills-based immigration system; reduces Canada’s ability to attract the best and brightest; and, rewards those who have overstayed their visa by providing them with an option to permanent residency.

“The deskilling of Canadian economic immigration continues,” said Skuterud.

No wonder the public is losing confidence.

Source: John Ivison: How do the Liberals fix skyrocketing immigration? By lowering the entry standards

Keller: The temporary foreign worker program is a scam, and almost everyone is in on it

More from Keller:

…The Trudeau government appears to have finally grasped that handing out an unlimited number of temporary visas, leading to 2.8 million temporary residents, far outstrips the capacity of the permanent immigration system, even after doubling the immigration quota to 500,000 a year. That quota includes refugees, economic immigrants and family reunifications from overseas, leaving just half a million spots or so each year to accommodate the 2.8 million temporary residents already in Canada.

The only way out, as I wrote last week, is to press rewind.

The Trudeau government turned student visas into an alternative low-wage job scheme by allowing students to work an unlimited number of hours while in school. It’s time to go back to the way things used to be: foreign students should not be allowed to work off campus. Postgraduate work visas should be restricted to high-quality graduates in high-wage fields.

And with the exception of seasonal farm work, only jobs paying at least 150 per cent of the median wage, or more than $110,000 a year, should be eligible for temporary visas

Business lobbyists will scream, but voters will cheer.

Source: The temporary foreign worker program is a scam, and almost everyone is in on it

CBSA to use facial recognition app for people facing deportation: documents

Inevitable given the numbers and the need for better enforcement, despite some of the privacy and tech issues. The issue of the app and algorithms being protected by trade secrets is also inevitable as long as CBSA has control over the underlying criteria used by the algorithms; if these were open, people would be able to game the system:

The Canada Border Services Agency plans to implement an app that uses facial recognition technology to keep track of people who have been ordered to be deported from the country.

The mobile reporting app would use biometrics to confirm a person’s identity and record their location data when they use the app to check in. Documents obtained through access-to-information indicate that the CBSA has proposed such an app as far back as 2021.

A spokesperson confirmed that an app called ReportIn will be launched this fall.

Experts are flagging numerous concerns, questioning the validity of user consent and potential secrecy around how the technology makes its decisions.

Each year, about 2,000 people who have been ordered to leave the country fail to show up, meaning the CBSA “must spend considerable resources investigating, locating and in some cases detaining these clients,” says a 2021 document.

The agency pitched a smartphone app as an “ideal solution.”

Getting regular updates through the app on a person’s “residential address, employment, family status, among other things, will allow the CBSA to have relevant information that can be used to contact and monitor the client for any early indicators of non-compliance,” it said.

“Additionally, given the automation, it is more likely that the client will feel engaged and will recognize the level of visibility the CBSA has on their case.”

Plus, the document noted: “If a client fails to appear for removal, the information gathered through the app will provide good investigative leads for locating the client.”

An algorithmic impact assessment for the project — not yet posted on the federal government’s website — said biometric voice technology the CBSA tried using was being phased out due to “failing technology,” and it developed the ReportIn app to replace it.

It said a person’s “facial biometrics and location, provided by sensors and/or the GPS in the mobile device/smartphone” are recorded through the ReportIn app and then sent to the CBSA’s back-end system.

Once people submit photos, a “facial comparison algorithm” will generate a similarity score to a reference photo.

If the system doesn’t confirm a facial match, it triggers a process for officers to investigate the case.

“The individuals’ location is also collected every time they report and if the individual fails to comply with their conditions,” it said. The document noted individuals will not be “constantly tracked.”

The app uses technology from Amazon Web Services. That’s a choice that grabbed the attention of Brenda McPhail, the director of executive education in McMaster University’s public policy in digital society program.

She said while many facial recognition companies submit their algorithms for testing to the U.S. National Institute of Standards and Technology, Amazon has never voluntarily done so.

An Amazon Web Services spokesperson said its Amazon Rekognition technology is “tested extensively — including by third parties like Credo AI, a company that specializes in Responsible AI, and iBeta Quality Assurance.”

The spokesperson added that Amazon Rekognition is a “large-scale cloud-based system and therefore not downloadable as described in the NIST participation guidance.”

“That is why our Rekognition Face Liveness was instead submitted for testing against industry standards to iBeta Lab,” which is accredited by the institute as an independent test lab, the spokesperson said.

The CBSA document says the algorithm used will be a trade secret. In a situation that could have life-changing consequences, McPhail asked whether it’s “appropriate to use a tool that is protected by trade secrets or proprietary secrets and that denies people the right to understand how decisions about them are truly being made.”

Kristen Thomasen, an associate professor and chair in law, robotics and society at the University of Windsor, said the reference to trade secrets is a signal there could be legal impediments blocking information about the system.

There’s been concern for years about people who are subject to errors in systems being legally prohibited from getting more information because of intellectual property protections, she explained.

CBSA spokesperson Maria Ladouceur said the agency “developed this smartphone app to allow foreign nationals and permanent residents subject to immigration enforcement conditions to report without coming in-person to a CBSA office.”

She said the agency “worked in close consultation” with the Office of the Privacy Commissioner on the app. “Enrolment in ReportIn will be voluntary, and users will need to consent to both using the app, and the use of their likeness to verify their identity.”

Petra Molnar, the associate director of York University’s refugee law lab, said there is a power imbalance between the agency implementing the app and the people on the receiving end.

“Can a person really, truly consent in this situation where there is a vast power differential?”

If an individual doesn’t consent to participate, they can report in-person as an alternative, Ladouceur said.

Thomasen also cautioned there is a risk of errors with facial recognition technology, and that risk is higher for racialized individuals and people with darker skin.

Molnar said it’s “very troubling that there is basically no discussion of … human rights impacts in the documents.”

The CBSA spokesperson said Credo AI reviewed the software for bias against demographic groups, and found a 99.9 per cent facial match rate across six different demographic groups, adding the app “will be continuously tested after launch to assess accuracy and performance.”

Source: CBSA to use facial recognition app for people facing deportation: documents



Visitors to Canada with valid visas claim they are being pressured to seek asylum upon arriving — or leave

Hard to know the extent but shouldn’t be happening:

… “Why canvass him to sign a refugee claim and want him to be a refugee in this country?” 

That’s a question also asked by some immigration lawyers and consultants, who say they have been contacted by visitors with valid visas who were denied entry and offered the option to seek asylum at Toronto and Montreal airports despite having no intention to do so.

The number of new refugee claimants in Canada has skyrocketed since the border reopened after the pandemic, from 24,127 in 2021 to 60,158 in 2022 and 137,947 in 2023. In the first six months of this year, already 92,135 claims were made.

Since Canada and the U.S. expanded a bilateral ban last year preventing irregular migrants at land border from seeking asylum, there has been a surge of refugee claimants arriving at airports across the country: from 17,165 in 2022 to 41,355 last year. Between January and June, it reached 27,840.

In recent months, some people travelling to Canada by air have taken their complaints to social media, claiming they were held and harassed by Canadian border agents over the genuineness of their visit, being asked to leave the country or make a refugee claim in order to enter Canada.

Mississauga immigration consultant Sheetal Jhuti said she had taken those online complaints with some skepticism until a couple of clients walked into her office in July making similar allegations, and seeking her help.

“I had not heard of somebody not asking for a refugee claim and then being told, ‘Well, make the claim. This is what it is. You can do that and submit the forms,’” she recalled. “I hadn’t heard that happening (before).” 

Jhuti said the two men did not know each other and arrived on different flights, in Toronto and Montreal. Both had valid visas but ended up declaring asylum to avoid being sent back to India immediately. They told her they were not asked any question about their trips but were offered the option straight away.

“We are aware of these allegations and want to make it clear that the Canada Border Services Agency does not direct or counsel travellers to make refugee claims,” said Luke Reimer, a spokesperson for the agency.

“Having obtained a temporary resident visa (visitor visa) or having been previously authorized to enter Canada does not guarantee the right to enter Canada.”…

Source: Visitors to Canada with valid visas claim they are being pressured to seek asylum upon arriving — or leave

Australia: Modernised Multicultural Grants Program

Announcement by the Albanese government. Interesting, that Australia provides core funding support as well as support for non-religious training for faith leaders:

The Australian Government commits to supporting a stronger multicultural Australia through the Modernised Multicultural Grants Program.

This program will:

  • give more consistent and long term funding to multicultural organisations,
  • foster more certainty and sustainability for multicultural organisations, and
  • support longer-term initiatives and lasting results.

The funding will support organisations to:

  • hold local events,
  • celebrate festivals,
  • build and deliver support programs,
  • improve amenities,
  • build facilities, and
  • strengthen their ability to serve both members of their own community and the broader society.

This program will give funding through four separate streams:

  • Infrastructure for Multicultural Organisations
  • Multicultural Grass Roots Initiatives
  • Multicultural Peak Body Funding
  • Faith Leaders Training

These opportunities are currently under development. For more information on when these grant rounds open, including how to apply for these opportunities, see the Australian Government’s grants information system, GrantConnect.

You can subscribe to the Community Grants Hub mailing list to get notifications of new grant opportunities as they become available.

Infrastructure for Multicultural Organisations

This opportunity will fund grants of up to $20 million over 3 years from 2025-26. You can apply for this round in October 2024.

Successful projects will include construction, upgrade or extension of infrastructure that provides demonstrated benefits to multicultural communities. For example:

  • community hubs and centres
  • museums, libraries and art spaces
  • indoor and outdoor amenities, like food preparation areas, dining spaces, bathrooms, play equipment and barbecue facilities
  • meeting and conference facilities
  • stages, auditoriums and spaces to encourage performing arts
  • spaces for sporting and physical activities.

To be eligible to apply, your project must be investment ready (or ‘shovel ready’), meaning construction can begin within 12 weeks of executing your grant agreement. This means you will have:

  • regulatory and/or development approvals,
  • evidence of experience in delivering similar sized projects or have engaged a third party with relevant experience,
  • evidence of your co-contribution from another source (for example state government funding) or your cash contribution to the project,
  • a detailed project proposal, including project plans (designs), timelines and procurement process,
  • detailed budget including quotes and cost benefit analysis,
  • detailed risk management plan, and
  • evidence that you either own the land/infrastructure being built/upgraded upon, or that you have the landowner’s permission to use the land/infrastructure.

Multicultural Grassroots Initiatives

Organisations will be able to apply for grants of up to $100,000 over 2 years from 2024-25 for:

  • Multicultural celebrations, such as festivals and events,
  • Multicultural amenities, such as building upgrades, furnishings or equipment, or
  • Intercultural connections, such as intercultural sports programs or art projects.

You can apply for this round in November 2024.

Multicultural Peak Body Funding

Multicultural peak bodies and community organisations will be able to apply for 4 years of funding of up to $400,000 per year. This will allow them to continue to play a pivotal role in strengthening Australia’s multicultural capacity.

You can apply for this round in December 2024.

Faith Leaders Training

This grant opportunity will provide up to $500,000 per year, over 4 years,  from 2024-25 for organisations to develop and deliver non religious training courses to faith leaders and those in pastoral roles in faith organisations.​

You can apply for this round in December 2024.

Source: Modernised Multicultural Grants Program

Government could revoke citizenship of terror suspect, immigration minister says

Always good to start with a timeline to determine what actions are possible. If Eldidi did misrepresent himself when apply for citizenship, then revocation is possible:

…Mr. Miller, speaking to reporters in Nova Scotia Wednesday, described himself a “disgusted as any Canadian” about the case.

He said he has asked his deputy minister to probe the timeline of Mr. Eldidi’s immigration to Canada including when they obtained permanent residency and citizenship. “Who knew what, when and how?,” Mr. Miller said.

“I hope to be able to provide answers in relatively in a relatively short timeline about what happened.”

He said Canadians “deserve answers” on the file.

“I’m also going to take the next step, which is to start the preliminary work, with the evidence at hand, to look at whether the individual in question’s citizenship should be revoked,” Mr. Miller said….

Source: Government could revoke citizenship of terror suspect, immigration minister says

Federal government planning sharp cut to low-wage stream of temporary foreign worker program, sources say

Highlighting the contrasting views between a business group and the more objective Mike Moffatt:

…Dan Kelly, president of the Canadian Federation of Independent Business, said temporary foreign worker programs have been around for decades and have frequently been tightened or loosened over the years based on evolving labour-market needs.

He said the government’s moves to ease access to the program in 2022 were entirely justified at the time.

“There’s absolutely no question that coming out of the pandemic, the labour market was broken. There were hundreds of thousands of vacant positions, particularly in lower-skilled occupational categories, that desperately needed filling,” he said.

Mr. Kelly said he understands that Ottawa is now under pressure to cap access to the low-wage stream, but also urged the government to find the right balance.

“The challenge for government is I think most of them know that the politically popular solution is at odds with the economically viable solution,” he said. “Yes, the labour market has cooled a bit in Canada, but if we take out the temporary foreign worker program, then you better not complain about the line at the local restaurant or the increase in menu prices.”

Mike Moffatt, an assistant professor of business, economics and public policy at Western University who has previously advised the Liberal cabinet, said the 2022 changes went too far. He said reducing the use of the temporary foreign worker program would be good for wages in Canada, would help students find work and would encourage businesses to innovate.

He said he questions why fast-food restaurants in college towns such as London, Ont., are using the program.

“We’ve got thousands of students, thousands of international students, and we can’t find somebody to work at a Dairy Queen next to a college? It just doesn’t seem reasonable to me,” he said. “I think we have lost the plot here.”

Source: Federal government planning sharp cut to low-wage stream of temporary foreign worker program, sources say

Le Devoir Éditorial | De droit et de dignité et Nicolas | Terrains propices

Starting with Le Devoir’s measured response to the UN special rapporteurs report on “contemporary forms of slavery:”

Un rapporteur spécial de l’ONU persiste et signe dans sa description du Programme des travailleurs étrangers temporaires du Canada. Il s’agit là d’une mesure qui « alimente les formes contemporaines d’esclavage ». Le constat est brutal, bien qu’il soit en droite ligne avec les premières observations formulées il y a près d’un an par le rapporteur, Tomoya Obokata. Reste à savoir ce que les gouvernements fédéral et provinciaux sont prêts à faire pour corriger le « déséquilibre de pouvoir » entre les travailleurs temporaires et leurs employeurs.

Le rapporteur des Nations unies souligne de nombreux facteurs de risques dans le programme fédéral, géré en partenariat avec les provinces, en vertu duquel les employeurs font venir de la main-d’oeuvre bon marché, en majorité dans le secteur agricole au temps des récoltes. Celles-ci prennent les allures d’une corvée peu inspirante pour les populations locales dans un contexte de pénurie de main-d’oeuvre et de transformation du marché de l’emploi vers une économie du savoir. Nous pouvons en dire autant pour d’autres secteurs névralgiques pour notre confort ou nos habitudes de consommation au rabais, tels que la transformation des aliments, l’aide en cuisine, les soins aux aînés. Sans les travailleurs étrangers temporaires, bien des chaînes de production seraient enrayées.

Les inquiétudes du rapporteur de l’ONU portent sur la grande précarité dans laquelle se retrouvent les travailleurs étrangers puisqu’ils séjournent au Canada sur la base d’un permis « fermé » les liant à un employeur exclusif. Si les conditions de travail et d’hébergement ne remplissent pas leurs attentes ou le minimum de la décence, il leur est presque impossible de dénicher un autre boulot, au risque d’être expulsés. Cette situation de dépendance est la mère de tous les abus potentiels relevés par le rapporteur spécial : maltraitance, retenues salariales, horaires excessifs, carences dans la sécurité, l’alimentation et l’hébergement, voire des violences physiques ou sexuelles dans les pires cas.

L’enjeu, qui déborde les frontières du Québec, demeure relativement contenu. Le rapporteur spécial constate avec satisfaction que la majorité des employeurs (94 %) respectent les règles et agissent de bonne foi à l’égard de leurs travailleurs étrangers temporaires. Dans les dernières années, les employeurs et les gouvernements ont multiplié les initiatives pour protéger les droits de cette main-d’oeuvre vulnérable et lui garantir l’accès aux soins de santé.

Il n’en demeure pas moins que le processus d’inspection est pour le moins incomplet. Selon les données du gouvernement fédéral, près de sept inspections sur dix ont été menées en ligne en 2023 et 2024. Moins d’une inspection sur dix a été menée de manière impromptue. Par ailleurs, les freins dans l’accès aux soins de santé, aux conseils syndicaux et à des sites d’hébergement appropriés demeurent d’importantes sources de préoccupation.

Le rapporteur de l’ONU ne s’y trompe pas. La situation décrite dans son rapport est conforme à de nombreux reportages d’enquête, entre autres dans Le Devoir, et aux observations des groupes communautaires qui viennent en aide aux travailleurs temporaires étrangers.

Une des solutions évoquées dans le débat public, soit accorder des permis « ouverts » ou sectoriels aux travailleurs étrangers (des permis qui ne sont pas reliés à un employeur en particulier), ne va pas assez loin aux yeux du rapporteur spécial. Tomoya Obokata suggère plutôt de faciliter le passage vers la résidence permanente, afin de mettre un terme à la « précarité structurelle » de cette main-d’oeuvre particulière. Cela marquerait la fin des permis fermés ou même ouverts.

Le rapporteur spécial justifie son approche en soulignant la contradiction entre le caractère théoriquement temporaire des emplois et le caractère permanent de la demande de main-d’oeuvre. Les programmes de travailleurs étrangers temporaires ont par ailleurs dépassé le cap de la cinquantaine, une autre preuve de leur apport indispensable au marché du travail. Seulement, rien n’indique qu’une accélération du processus menant à la résidence permanente produirait les effets escomptés, autant pour combler les besoins temporaires de main-d’oeuvre que pour assurer un traitement respectueux des droits et de la dignité des travailleurs. Sans compter qu’il s’agit d’un enjeu explosif par les temps qui courent dans les relations intergouvernementales.

Les questions de droit et de dignité devraient tout de même inciter les gouvernements à en faire plus en prévention, en inspection et en sanctions pour les employeurs fautifs, et à sevrer les employeurs des permis fermés là où ils sont encore en vogue. Nous ne pouvons fermer les yeux sur une situation indigne d’un État qui a l’habitude de se contempler dans le miroir de la réussite en matière de respect des droits et libertés fondamentaux. L’esclavage contemporain ne devrait pas faire partie des préoccupations des instances de l’ONU lorsqu’il est question d’ausculter nos pratiques à l’égard des ressortissants précaires et vulnérables.

Translation (Mac)

A UN special rapporteur persists and signs in his description of the Canada Temporary Foreign Worker Program. This is a measure that “feeds contemporary forms of slavery”. The observation is brutal, although it is in line with the first observations made almost a year ago by the rapporteur, Tomoya Obokata. It remains to be seen what the federal and provincial governments are ready to do to correct the “power imbalance” between temporary workers and their employers.

The United Nations rapporteur highlights many risk factors in the federal program, managed in partnership with the provinces, under which employers bring in cheap labor, mostly in the agricultural sector at harvest time. These take on the appearance of an uninspiring chore for local populations in a context of labour shortage and transformation of the job market towards a knowledge economy. We can say the same for other neural sectors for our comfort or discounted consumption habits, such as food processing, kitchen help, care for seniors. Without temporary foreign workers, many production lines would be stopped.

The UN rapporteur’s concerns relate to the great precariousness in which foreign workers find themselves since they stay in Canada on the basis of a “closed” permit linking them to an exclusive employer. If the working and accommodation conditions do not meet their expectations or the minimum of decency, it is almost impossible for them to find another job, at the risk of being expelled. This situation of dependence is the mother of all the potential abuses noted by the special rapporteur: abuse, wage deductions, excessive hours, deficiencies in safety, food and accommodation, or even physical or sexual violence in the worst cases.

The issue, which goes beyond the borders of Quebec, remains relatively contained. The special rapporteur notes with satisfaction that the majority of employers (94%) respect the rules and act in good faith towards their temporary foreign workers. In recent years, employers and governments have multiplied initiatives to protect the rights of this vulnerable workforce and guarantee them access to health care.

The fact remains that the inspection process is incomplete to say the least. According to federal government data, nearly seven out of ten inspections were conducted online in 2023 and 2024. Less than one in ten inspections was conducted impromptuly. In addition, barriers to access to health care, trade union councils and appropriate accommodation sites remain important sources of concern.

The UN rapporteur is not mistaken. The situation described in his report is consistent with many investigative reports, including in Le Devoir, and the observations of community groups that help foreign temporary workers.

One of the solutions mentioned in the public debate, namely to grant “open” or sectoral permits to foreign workers (permits that are not linked to a particular employer), does not go far enough in the eyes of the special rapporteur. Rather, Tomoya Obokata suggests facilitating the transition to permanent residence, in order to put an end to the “structural precariousness” of this particular workforce. This would mark the end of closed or even open permits.

The special rapporteur justifies his approach by highlighting the contradiction between the theoretically temporary nature of jobs and the permanent nature of the demand for labour. Temporary foreign worker programs have also exceeded the fifties, another proof of their essential contribution to the labour market. Only, there is no indication that an acceleration of the process leading to permanent residence would produce the desired effects, both to meet the temporary needs of the workforce and to ensure treatment respectful of the rights and dignity of workers. Not to mention that this is an explosive issue in the current times in intergovernmental relations.

Issues of law and dignity should still encourage governments to do more in prevention, inspection and sanctions for at fault employers, and to wean employers from closed permits where they are still in vogue. We cannot close our eyes to a situation unworthy of a state that is used to contemplating itself in the mirror of success in respect for fundamental rights and freedoms. Contemporary slavery should not be one of the concerns of UN authorities when it comes to ausculting our practices towards precarious and vulnerable nationals.

Source: Éditorial | De droit et de dignité

Émilie Nicolas on the limits of reporting abuse:

T’as juste à porter plainte. C’était le titre du documentaire de Léa Clermont-Dion sur le parcours des victimes d’agressions sexuelles au sein du système de justice. Ça pourrait tout aussi bien être le titre d’un autre documentaire, qui porterait plutôt sur les travailleurs étrangers temporaires qui voudraient dénoncer le mauvais traitement d’un employeur.

Les victimes d’agressions sexuelles et les travailleurs temporaires étrangers maltraités correspondent bien sûr à deux groupes différents, vivant des réalités sociales et politiques qui leur sont propres. Le rapprochement que je fais ici, c’est que dans un cas comme dans l’autre, nous avons affaire à des situations où, en théorie, sur papier, tout le monde a des droits ; mais où, en pratique, s’en prévaloir est extrêmement complexe. Partout dans la société, lorsqu’on a affaire à des systèmes où tout va bien jusqu’à preuve du contraire, et où c’est à une personne socialement précaire de faire la démonstration du contraire, on s’expose à des risques élevés de violence et d’injustice systémiques.

Le titre T’as juste à porter plainte m’est revenu en tête cette semaine alors que je prenais connaissance du rapport final du rapporteur spécial de l’ONU sur les formes contemporaines d’esclavage, y compris leurs causes et leurs conséquences, à la suite de sa visite au Canada. Les conclusions de Tomoya Obokata sont claires : les programmes des travailleurs étrangers temporaires du Canada sont un terrain propice aux formes contemporaines d’esclavage. Lorsqu’une une déclaration aussi choc est lancée par l’ONU, il est important de chercher à la comprendre. Soulignons deux principaux éléments :

1. Le rapporteur spécial dénonce un régime déficient d’inspection du travail. « De manière générale, les inspections sont menées après le dépôt d’une plainte, explique Obokata, et certains lieux de travail où des abus commis peuvent échapper à toute inspection. » Mais le problème va plus loin : 69 % des inspections sont menées de manière virtuelle, et seulement 9 % des inspections sont exécutées sans que l’employeur ait été prévenu. En bref, t’as juste à porter plainte, sans quoi il n’y a pas vraiment en place de système qui permet de prévenir et d’intervenir en cas d’abus. Et même si tu portes plainte, la manière dont la plainte sera traitée sera très probablement tout à l’avantage de l’employeur.

2. Si porter plainte est vain, t’as juste à changer d’emploi, pourrait-on dire. Sauf que là aussi, la réalité est plus complexe. Le système de permis de travail rattaché à un employeur est dénoncé depuis des années, mais il subsiste. Si un travailleur peut être menacé d’expulsion vers son pays d’origine par un employeur, on crée nécessairement un climat propice aux abus.

Bien sûr, il existe certains recours qui permettent de changer d’emploi même avec un permis dit « fermé ». Encore faut-il être capable de bien naviguer, avec ses délais de traitement, ses coûts, sa paperasse. Une personne peu scolarisée, qui maîtrise mal le français, qui connaît peu ses droits ou qui n’a simplement pas les ressources pour faire face au système est plus à risque d’être intimidée par un employeur abusif. C’est beaucoup ça, la fonction publique canadienne, lorsqu’on est dans le pays avec un statut temporaire : lorsque nos droits ne sont accessibles qu’après avoir passé par des étapes bureaucratiques dignes des Douze travaux d’Astérix, nos droits restent théoriques.

Pourquoi, donc, le rapporteur de l’ONU parle de « terrain propice aux formes contemporaines d’esclavage » ? Imaginons une travailleuse domestique qui connaît mal le système canadien et qui vit du harcèlement ou même d’autres formes de violence sexuelle de la part de son employeur, lequel la menace de déportation. Cette femme a une famille qui dépend financièrement d’elle dans son pays d’origine. T’as juste à porter plainte, t’as juste à changer d’emploi. C’est plus facilement dit que fait. Un travailleur agricole qui serait mal logé ou mal nourri par son employeur peut se retrouver dans un terrain tout aussi « propice » aux sérieux dérapages, pour reprendre les mots du rapport de l’ONU.

La situation n’est pas nouvelle, et des organismes de défense de droit dénoncent le problème année après année. Si bien que le gouvernement fédéral envisage désormais différentes réformes à ses programmes. Alors que nous amorçons une année électorale, et que les libéraux sont au pouvoir depuis 2015, permettez-moi d’avancer que si Ottawa tenait tant que ça à ces réformes, elles seraient déjà en place.

De manière générale, parler de terrain propice à l’esclavage moderne au Canada en 2024 met en lumière la manière dont les systèmes d’exploitation se sont raffinés au fil des décennies. Dans un passé pas si lointain, et encore aujourd’hui dans bien d’autres pays dans le monde, on a affaire à des lois qui normalisent des formes de maltraitance. Ici, nous avons une Charte des droits et libertés de la personne, des codes du travail, un système de justice qui devraient, en théorie, protéger les gens. En pratique, ce sont les inégalités de pouvoir monstre entre les personnes qui rendent le droit inaccessible pour les uns et manipulable pour les autres.

Si ton droit de vivre au Canada dépend de la volonté d’un autre citoyen canadien, tu avances sur un « terrain propice à l’exploitation ». Si les institutions se lavent les mains de ta sécurité à moins que tu aies l’assurance et les ressources nécessaires à une dénonciation, les institutions n’existent pour ainsi dire pas pour toi.

La même logique s’applique à d’autres éléments de la société, dont la question des victimes de violence familiale. Lorsque les femmes dépendent financièrement de leur conjoint, les probabilités qu’elles portent plainte ou quittent leur foyer en cas d’abus diminuent radicalement. Structurellement parlant, les inégalités de statut et les inégalités économiques créent des problèmes d’accès à la justice. Tant que ces inégalités subsisteront, et même s’accroîtront dans certains cas, on se retrouvera avec des situations où l’exploitation — sous différentes formes — est tout à fait possible. Et ce, même dans un pays où, sur papier, les droits de la personne sont protégés.

Translation:

You just have to file a complaint. This was the title of Léa Clermont-Dion’s documentary on the journey of victims of sexual assault within the justice system. It could just as well be the title of another documentary, which would rather focus on temporary foreign workers who would like to denounce the mistreatment of an employer.

Victims of sexual assault and abused foreign temporary workers of course correspond to two different groups, living in their own social and political realities. The connection I make here is that in either case, we are dealing with situations where, in theory, on paper, everyone has rights; but where, in practice, taking advantage of them is extremely complex. Everywhere in society, when we are dealing with systems where everything goes well until proven otherwise, and where it is up to a socially precarious person to demonstrate the opposite, we expose ourselves to high risks of systemic violence and injustice.

The title You just have to file a complaint came back to my mind this week as I read the final report of the UN Special Rapporteur on contemporary forms of slavery, including their causes and consequences, following his visit to Canada. Tomoya Obokata’s conclusions are clear: Canada’s temporary foreign workers’ programs are a breeding ground for contemporary forms of slavery. When such a shocking declaration is launched by the UN, it is important to seek to understand it. Let’s highlight two main elements:

  1. The special rapporteur denounces a deficient labour inspection regime. “In general, inspections are carried out after the filing of a complaint,” explains Obokata, “and some workplaces where abuses committed can escape inspection. But the problem goes further: 69% of inspections are carried out virtually, and only 9% of inspections are carried out without the employer having been notified. In short, you just have to file a complaint, otherwise there is not really a system in place that allows you to prevent and intervene in the event of abuse. And even if you file a complaint, the way the complaint will be handled will most likely be to the advantage of the employer.
  2. If filing a complaint is vain, you just have to change jobs, we could say. Except that here too, the reality is more complex. The work permit system attached to an employer has been denounced for years, but it remains. If a worker can be threatened with expulsion to his country of origin by an employer, a climate conducive to abuse is necessarily created.

Of course, there are certain remedies that allow you to change jobs even with a so-called “closed” permit. It is still necessary to be able to navigate well, with its processing times, its costs, its paperwork. A person with little education, who has a poor command of French, who knows little about his rights or who simply does not have the resources to cope with the system is more at risk of being intimidated by an abusive employer. That’s a lot, the Canadian public service, when we are in the country with a temporary status: when our rights are only accessible after going through bureaucratic stages worthy of the Twelve Works of Asterix, our rights remain theoretical.

Why, then, does the UN rapporteur speak of “land conducive to contemporary forms of slavery”? Imagine a domestic worker who is not familiar with the Canadian system and who lives from harassment or even other forms of sexual violence from her employer, who threatens her with deportation. This woman has a family that is financially dependent on her in her country of origin. You just have to file a complaint, you just have to change jobs. It’s easier said than done. An agricultural worker who would be poorly housed or poorly fed by his employer may find himself in land just as “conduitive” to serious skids, to use the words of the UN report.

The situation is not new, and law defense organizations denounce the problem year after year. So the federal government is now considering various reforms to its programs. As we begin an election year, and the Liberals have been in power since 2015, let me say that if Ottawa cared so much about these reforms, they would already be in place.

In general, talking about the ground conducive to modern slavery in Canada in 2024 highlights how operating systems have been refined over the decades. In the not-so-distant past, and still today in many other countries around the world, we are dealing with laws that standardize forms of abuse. Here, we have a Charter of Human Rights and Freedoms, labor codes, a system of justice that should, in theory, protect people. In practice, it is the inequalities of monster power between people that make the law inaccessible for some and manipulable for others.

If your right to live in Canada depends on the will of another Canadian citizen, you are moving forward on a “land conducive to exploitation”. If institutions wash their hands of your safety unless you have the assurance and resources necessary for a denunciation, institutions do not exist for you.

The same logic applies to other elements of society, including the issue of victims of domestic violence. When women depend financially on their spouse, the likelihood of them filing a complaint or leaving their home in the event of abuse decreases radically. Structurally speaking, inequalities in status and economic inequalities create problems of access to justice. As long as these inequalities persist, and even increase in some cases, we will find ourselves with situations where exploitation – in different forms – is quite possible. And this, even in a country where, on paper, human rights are protected.

Source: Chronique | Terrains propices

LILLEY: Trudeau changed foreign workers program at your expense

Valid critique with some humour:

The Trudeau Liberals are channeling Captain Louis Renault as they react in shock to problems with Canada’s temporary foreign worker program. Movie fans will know Captain Renault as the corrupt police chief in Casablanca.

After Captain Renault barges into Rick’s Cafe — more of a nightclub and casino — Rick Blaine, played by Humphrey Bogart, walks up and asks on what grounds his establishment is being shut down.

“I’m shocked, shocked to find out that gambling is going on in here,” Captain Renault says.

“Your winnings sir,” says a card dealer handing money to Renault, who thanks him and continues his bust.

The Liberals are Captain Renault, guilty of gambling in the illegal casino and now threatening to throw everyone out. It was the Trudeau Liberals who changed the rules to ramp up Canada’s temporary foreign workers program and now they are promising to punish anyone abusing it, using the rules they changed.

“Abuse and misuse of the TFW program must end,” Employment Minister Randy Boissonnault said last week.

“Bad actors are taking advantage of people and compromising the program for legitimate businesses. We are putting more reforms in place to stop misuse and fraud from entering the TFW program.”

The number of people coming in under the TFW program has been ramping up for years, especially under the Trudeau Liberals. Conservative Leader Pierre Poilievre, who was employment minister in 2015, called this out during a recent news conference.

“Trudeau has destroyed our entire immigration system, and he has expanded our temporary foreign worker program by well over 200% at a time when we’re losing jobs,” Poilievre said during an event at Stelco Steel in Hamilton last Friday.

Poilievre noted that when he was responsible for that program there were only 60,000 people admitted under the TFW program but now that number is near 200,000.

“On top of that, you have international students who are effectively temporary foreign workers who came under the wrong stream.”

There was a time, let’s call it 2014, when Justin Trudeau was leader of the third party in Parliament, that he railed against this program. Trudeau said the Harper government was allowing the program to drive down wages of Canadians.

“The government has allowed the temporary foreign worker program to become a force that drives down wages across the country and takes advantage of vulnerable people from abroad,” Trudeau said in April 2014.

Even as recently as this past April, Trudeau was saying that out of control immigration was hurting wages.

“Increasingly, more and more businesses are relying on temporary foreign workers in a way that is driving down wages in some sectors,” Trudeau said five months ago.

If only he knew someone who could do something about this!

He truly is Captain Renault, shocked that there is gambling going on and pocketing his winnings at the same time.

It was Trudeau who changed the rules in April of 2022 to allow a massive deregulation of the program. Under the changes announced then, seasonal industries could hire under the TFW for the full year while the cap on an employer having only 10% of their workforce come from the TFW program was lifted to 20% in most industries but higher in others.

The feds raised the cap to 30% for manufacturing, food and accommodations, hospitals and nursing homes. They also got rid of a stipulation that if unemployment was above 6% then TFW approval would not be granted.

“This was a deliberate move by the federal government to suppress wage growth for low-income Canadians, and increase the number of temporary workers, who have much weaker labour rights than permanent residents,” Mike Moffat posted on X last week.

Moffat is an academic and self-styled progressive who has advised the Trudeau government and worked for the Canada 2020 think tank that is closely tied to the PM. That’s what makes Moffat’s criticism sting so much for the Liberals.

That and the fact that he pointed out these changes were announced less than two weeks after the coalition deal with the NDP was announced.

The Trudeau Liberals say they are there for the little guy, the middle class and those working hard to join it. If actions speak louder than words then that is clearly not true, by the PM’s own admission, his policies are driving down wages for low-income Canadians.

Now he’s claiming he’s shocked, don’t believe him.

Source: LILLEY: Trudeau changed foreign workers program at your expense

Op-ed from Moffatt:

Moffatt: Justin Trudeau’s government radically transformed Canada’s temporary foreign worker program. Young people and low wage workers are paying the price

If you know a young person who struggled to find a summer job they are not alone. This has been the worst summer on record for youth employment outside of the pandemic. Many factors — from a weak economy to a population boom of young people — are at play with one of the largest being the federal government’s 2022 decision to deregulate the low-wage stream of the temporary foreign worker program.

On April 4, 2022, a mere 13 days after the Liberals and NDP signed their Supply and Confidence Agreement, the federal government announced arguably the largest deregulation of the Temporary Foreign Worker program in Canadian history. The program’s low-wage stream, which allows employers not in the agricultural industry (they have a separate stream) to bring in workers and pay them wages under the provincial median (currently $28.39 in Ontario), was radically transformed. The government removed the rule that employers could only bring in workers in some low-wage occupations if the local unemployment rate was less than six per cent allowing firms in areas of high unemployment to access the program. Companies had been limited to having only 10 per cent of their workforce be low-wage temporary foreign workers; this was raised to 20 per cent. In seven sectors, including accommodation and food services, this was raised to 30 per cent.

Mike Moffatt is the Senior Director of the Smart Prosperity Institute and co-host of the podcast The Missing Middle.

Source: Justin Trudeau’s government radically transformed Canada’s temporary foreign worker program. Young people and low wage workers are paying the price

Colby Cosh: Is a Canadian a Canadian if he first tortured prisoners for ISIS?

Overly simplistic characterization. One of the problems with the previous government’s legislation on post-citizenship revocation was that it allowed for “offloading” of responsibilities to other countries. The best example to date has been the UK government’s revocation of Jack Letts (“Jihadi Jack”), who was born and raised in the UK with minimal to no time in Canada.

However, as his mother is Canadian, his parents are understandably pressing Canada to take on his case. But correctly speaking, his radicalization occurred in the UK and the UK should not have “offloaded” responsibility to Canada. The Canadian government, to its credit, has not responded substantively to the various persons lobbying on his behalf.

Revocation for misrepresentation at the application stage is fully appropriate, including judicial review rather than leaving it only to the Minister. But post-citizenship, countries should assume their responsibilities which the UK has shamefully not done:

…The new government preserved the state’s pre-2015 right to cancel citizenship for “false representation or fraud” in an application, but it added a proviso for appeal by right to the Federal Court. This means that today’s immigration minister initiates the process for revocation, if he can find evidence of falsehood, but that he is no longer the ultimate decision-maker.

Miller knows all this, whether or not he is hoping you remember it. Nobody’s real concern about the latest accused Toronto terrorists is that the elder of them may have filled out a citizenship application form incorrectly, which is itself a purely speculative possibility. The minister is using the shreds of revocation powers left by (and to) his own government to give the general impression that a terrorist might lose citizenship only for terrorism. But this is a possibility that our prime minister explicitly rejected, and whose rejection he campaigned successfully on. A Canadian is a Canadian is a Canadian, even if he fought for ISIS not long before becoming a Canadian. Right?

Source: Colby Cosh: Is a Canadian a Canadian if he first tortured prisoners for ISIS?