Minister was warned lifting international student work limit could undermine program

More on the warning and former Minister Fraser’s policy failure:

Allowing international students to work more than 20 hours a week could distract from their studies and undermine the objective of temporary foreign worker programs, public servants warned the federal government in 2022.

The caution came in documents prepared for former immigration minister Sean Fraser as Ottawa looked at waiving the restriction on the number of hours international students could work off-campus — a policy the Liberals eventually implemented.

The Canadian Press obtained the internal documents with an access-to-information request.

Waiving the cap could help alleviate labour shortages, a memorandum for the minister conceded, but it could also have other unintended consequences.

“While a temporary increase in the number of hours international students can work off-campus could help address these shortages, this could detract from the primary study goal of international students to a greater emphasis on work, circumvent the temporary foreign worker programs and give rise to further program integrity concerns with the international student program,” the memo said.

Canada’s bloated international student program has been heavily scrutinized in recent months as part of a larger critique of Liberal immigration policies that have fuelled rapid population growth and contributed to the country’s housing crunch.

That scrutiny led the federal government to introduce a cap on study permits over the next two years, as it tries to get a handle on the program.

More than 900,000 foreign students had visas to study in Canada last year, which is more than three times the number 10 years ago.

Critics have questioned the dramatic spike in international student enrolments at shady post-secondary institutions and have flagged concerns about the program being a backdoor to permanent residency.

The memo said removing the limit for off-campus work would be in “stark contrast” to the temporary foreign worker programs, which requires employers to prove that they need a migrant worker and that no Canadian or permanent resident is available to do the job.

Fraser ultimately announced in October 2022 that the federal government would waive the restriction until the end of 2023 to ease labour shortages across the country.

The waiver only applied to students currently in the country or those who had already applied, in order to not incentivize foreign nationals to obtain a study permit only to work in Canada.

In December, Immigration Minister Marc Miller extended the policy until April 30, 2024 and floated the idea of setting the cap at 30 hours a week thereafter.

In an interview with The Canadian Press on Monday, Miller said he extended the waiver because he didn’t want to interfere with students’ work arrangements in the middle of an academic year.

“What I really didn’t want to do is impact students in a current year that have made their financial calculations about how they will sustain themselves and how they will be able to pay for the tuition and rent and food,” Miller said.

Miller said internal work by the department shows more than 80 per cent of international students are currently working more than 20 hours a week.

Waiving the number of hours international students could work was the right call given the labour shortages Canada was facing, but the policy was never meant to be permanent, he said.

Job vacancies soared to more than a million in the second quarter of 2022, but have steadily decreased since then as the economy slows.

Miller said he’s now considering making a permanent change to the cap that would set it somewhere between 20 and 40 hours a week.

“It’s not credible that someone can work 40 hours and do a proper program,” Miller said.

He said the goal is to come up with a cap that gives students the ability to get good work experience and help them pay the bills, all while not undermining their studies.

“So what does a reasonable number of hours look like for someone here studying, knowing that they are paying three to four times, sometimes five times the price of a domestic student?” Miller said.

“I think that’s above 20 hours.”

Source: Minister was warned lifting international student work limit could undermine program

Most immigrants with deportation letters are still in Canada, CBSA figures show

As Raj Sharma pointed out on X, “Overstay often receive “voluntary departure orders” which are not removal orders and many that receive the former can and have regularized status (in Canada marriage/common law, refugee claim, H&C, etc).” So numbers likely overstated and it would be helpful to have a breakdown between “voluntary” and “mandatory” departure orders:

Most people living in Canada who have been sent deportation letters in the past eight years are still in the country, according to official figures disclosed by the Canada Border Services Agency.

The figures show that 14,609 people were sent letters informing them they are facing deportation between 2016 and May last year.

But 9,317 of those were still living in Canada last year, including 2,188 people sent deportation letters in 2016 and 2017.

Conservative immigration critic Tom Kmiec, who received the figures in an answer to a parliamentary question he asked last May, said they suggest a lack of enforcement. He said they are a symptom of a “broken immigration system” and are contributing to an erosion in public confidence.

The figures show that 3,087 people – fewer than a quarter of people sent deportation letters since 2016 – have been removed from Canada….

Source: Most immigrants with deportation letters are still in Canada, CBSA figures show

Siavash Safavi: Canada’s clueless immigration policy will not end well

Not one of the most informed critics, inordinately focussed on value concerns, but legitimate reactions to the prevalent ideologies among academics (York U). But concerns about vetting of Syrian refugees are largely unsubstantiated as experience to data has illustrated (Gazan refugees are being subject to even more stringent vetting) but it is natural for those who have fled the Iranian regime to have such views.

And effective vetting for values as he advocates, absent actions or other evidence, is extremely difficult to implement consistently in practice:

I came to Canada as a political refugee. In my home country of Iran, I was arrested, tortured and later received a prison sentence for my student-organizing activities. I had a month to surrender to prison. Instead, I decided to leave the country with the help of a smuggler. I escaped through the mountains, partly on horseback, to Turkey, where I applied for asylum through the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees.

There, I waited one year for my UNHCR approval, despite all the proof and court documents I had provided. After that, I waited another 18 months for Canadian security agencies to vet me. It was a rough time. At age 28, I found myself in a foreign country with a language I barely understood, no money and no family or friends.

It’s popular nowadays for people to feel sorry for themselves and express feelings of victimhood. But I have no complaints. If someone is kind enough to let me into their home for life, they have a responsibility to their family to at least find out if I am honest or not.

I arrived in Canada after 2½ years of living in Turkey.

In 2013, under Prime Minister Stephen Harper, Canada was accepting around 24,000 refugees a year, and the Canadian middle class was surpassing the U.S. to become the richest in the world. Canada was respected worldwide, and I couldn’t wait to become a patriotic Canadian.

In my second year in Canada, I attended York University. As someone who was arrested for their student activism in Iran, I wanted to enjoy the university experience in a free country. And as a classical liberal, I was intent on familiarizing myself with current western thought in the humanities. So I took anthropology and gender studies.

Both courses taught me that almost all the injustice in the world is the fault of white men, that western ethnocentrism is the cause of most conflicts between East and West, and that all cultures are equal, only different. I remember walking out of the class thinking, “I guess the West had a good run. It was bound to end at some point.”

I was pretty shocked at the views promoted through Canadian universities, and quite horrified to find those ideas metastasizing in the cultural fabric. I’m sensitive to this issue because I’ve lived in countries in which a radical ideology has infiltrated the culture, taken over and ultimately undermined the national interest. It happened in Iran following the 1979 revolution, and again in Turkey with the rise of Recep Tayyip Erdoğan.

Two years after I came to this country, Prime Minister Justin Trudeau came to power and declared Canada the first “post-national” state. Soon after, tens of thousands of Syrian refugees were expedited into Canada, and I couldn’t help feeling insulted. It wasn’t just about the 2½ years of my life wasted away in Turkey, it was also because there were serious concerns that the refugees weren’t being properly vetted.

Proper vetting is very necessary when bringing in people from countries whose cultures clash with our own. There are many Iranians who I wouldn’t want in Canada, including the policeman who lashed me in public when I was 19 for allegedly holding hands with a girl in the street, or the judge who ordered the lashing.

This is not about a certain nationality or ethnicity. Cultures are shaped by their geography and their history. Some are more inclusive than others. It doesn’t mean one is necessarily evil. It simply means it holds values that are incompatible with those of some other cultures.

Newcomers are supposed to adopt the fundamental aspects of the culture of their new country, in order to fit in better and help maintain social cohesion. That’s just common sense. In my orientation before arriving in Canada, we were taught not to relieve ourselves in the street. I could have felt offended, but I understood that there might be refugees from countries with different cultures or no indoor plumbing.

For us to live with people from many different places, we need common cultural threads. Even in a multicultural country like Canada, the native cultural threads are the only things that hold society together. Immigrant cultures can add their own pearls and jewels to that thread, but the thread is the base.

When dealing with refugees from countries in which the dominant culture or state ideology differs from our own, we should invest the necessary time and resources to vet each individual properly, to ensure that those who hold extremist views are not admitted. But when the government imports tens of thousands of people from  these countries each year, a few things happen.

The newcomers, many of whom usually do not speak the language well, will feel the need to stick together in close-knit communities, forming a parallel society with a completely different culture to the country they live in. The culture of the old country is promoted and protected in these communities, usually by self-appointed authoritarian leaders through social pressure, or sometimes by force, leaving the people vulnerable to all kinds of corruption.

Their children, who naturally will go through their own identity crisis phase, will go to university and learn that every negative thing their old country’s culture says about their new country is true. So they will grow to resent their new country.

Newcomers in these communities are also easy prey for the criminals and sociopaths in their own communities, because they are not familiar with the law. And since they mostly come from countries with a negative view of authority, they don’t trust the police, so it is much easier to take advantage of them.

Over time, through mass immigration and high birth rates, their numbers grow, and they will be able to impact the political sphere, led by the most radical or corrupt authoritarians who take advantage of them.

Now imagine millions of Canada citizens who believe that all white people are evil and racist, or that Jewish people are a societal virus, or that the LGBTQ+ are demonic and need to be eradicated, or that women should be subservient to men, or, worst of all, that the use of violence is necessary against people who disagree with, or “disrespect,” their culture.

At that point, you risk balkanization. You cannot force people who have nothing in common — or worse, hold animosity toward each other — to share the same country. And owing to the freedoms afforded to people in a country such as this one, it is hard for authorities to combat citizens who despise their adopted country and are looking to undermine it through legal means.

None of us know what the best immigration policy is, but anyone with common sense should be able to see that if you bring in large groups of people in who hate your culture, while at the same time demonize your own country, it is just masochism, not policy, and it will not end well.

Source: Siavash Safavi: Canada’s clueless immigration policy will not end well

COVID-19 Immigration Effects – December 2023 update

Regular monthly data update.

Highlights on slide 3.

Canadian Immigration Tracker December 2023

‘Labour shortage is real.’ Canadian retailers push back on Ottawa’s foreign labour cap

The next interest group opposing caps:

Canada’s immigration minister is getting pushback from companies that heavily rely on foreign labour following the federal government’s announcement that it will cap international student visas.

Marc Miller said companies, including “big-box stores,” are already lobbying against the planned reduction in permitted work hours for international students in comments made Tuesday to BNN Bloomberg.

“Some of the big-box stores, some of the businesses that have international students, have pushed relatively hard to preserve the 40-hour work week,” Miller said. “Some student groups call for it as well because a lot of employers want you to be able to commit to more than 20 hours.”

The Retail Council of Canada — which represents 45,000 store fronts across the country, including Canada’s largest grocers, Walmart and Amazon Canada — in an email said that “the labour shortage is real, and finding people has never been more difficult.” Many of the big box stores the RCC represents employ international students, said spokesperson Michelle Wasylyshen.

Source: ‘Labour shortage is real.’ Canadian retailers push back on Ottawa’s foreign labour cap

Douglas Todd: What Canada can learn from the U.S. migration crisis

Noting that Canadian migration issues largely the result of flawed government policies:
In Canada the big migration issues are different. Because of our relatively secure sea and land borders we’re not overwhelmed by would-be refugees, even though increasing numbers, now about 140,000, are showing up annually.Unlike in the U.S., Canada’s worst example of policy failure is entirely self-made.

It relates to how a record number of new permanent and non-permanent residents, 1.25 million, were brought into Canada in a recent one-year period. And to how the average Canadian is realizing the heightened demand is placing intense pressure on home prices and rents.

Newcomers themselves are among those suffering, especially the record number of almost one million international students admitted in 2023, who arrived in Canada at a per capita rate six times higher than in the U.S.

Many are squeezing into overpriced apartments. A story emerged out of Brampton this week of 25 foreign students living in one basement. Many are also paying exorbitant fees to often marginal private schools, while being exploited by employers seeking not only low-wage employees, but meek ones. A report this week found 91 students from India had died in the past five years in Canada, some by suicide.

And while nine of 10 foreign students arrive with the dream of becoming permanent residents, according to Statistics Canada, experts say most will never win the immigration prize, which ends up being a kind of lottery.

It is only last month that the Liberal government said it would put a cap on study visas.

There are huge political implications to migration policy. And, for different reasons, Canada’s Liberals and America’s Democrats are losing votes over it.

In Canada it’s looking like Prime Minister Justin Trudeau’s government, which since 2015 has championed ever-rising migration levels as the key to national prosperity, is finally realizing their ways are hurting them electorally. Trudeau’s Liberals have welcomed a record number of migrants and pushed the narrative that Canada’s French and English populations are rife with bigotry.

Within the span of just eight months last year the number of Canadians saying there are too many refugees coming to the country almost doubled, to 46 per cent, according to surveys by Jack Jedwab of the Metropolis Institute. Half of Canadians also now think there are too many immigrants, with that figure rising to 61 per cent among those with lower incomes.

The Liberals, as a result, are scrambling to turn around a decade of messaging.

This week immigration minister Marc Miller said he would curb the country’s dependence on the “cheap labour” supplied by foreign workers and international students. Last month he introduced a limit on foreign student visas, cutting them by 35 per cent for this year.

Miller will announce further changes soon to restrict students’ off-campus work hours and he’s also reviewing the country’s temporary foreign worker program. That’s on top of the Liberals this month declaring they would extend their ban — which is full of loopholes — on foreign home ownership.

It remains to be seen if anything actually comes of Ottawa’s announcements. But the hard reality is the polls are making the Liberals, and the Democrats, open their eyes to how more balanced migration policy, and a more orderly system, are key to electoral success.

What does that mean for the U.S.? It points to the need for Biden to move to the middle — to tighten border security, and streamline the official immigration process.For Canada it means the minority Liberal government, propped up by the NDP, has to learn, as economists have long warned, to stop claiming that having the highest migration rates in the world will be an economic panacea.

Achieving prosperity for all, including newcomers, is far more complex than that.

Source: Douglas Todd: What Canada can learn from the U.S. migration crisis

Migrants Face Cold, Perilous Crossing From Canada to New York

The numbers that help explain the expansion of the STCA to the length of the border, not only a Canadian concern:

…Officials at the northern border recorded 191,603 encounters with people crossing into the United States in 2023, a 41 percent increase from 2022 — though still a small number in comparison with the more than two million people apprehended on the southern border last year.

And while the vast majority of those migrants presented themselves at official ports of entry to request asylum, a growing number were caught after crossing illegally into the United States, sometimes guided by smugglers.

More than 12,200 people were apprehended crossing illegally from Canada last year, a 241 percent jump from the 3,578 arrested the previous year. Most of them were Mexicans, who can fly to Canada without a visa and may prefer the northern border to avoid the cartels that exploit migrants in their country.

The phenomenon has transformed a 295-mile border area along northern New York, Vermont and New Hampshire into a hot spot of migration: About 70 percent of the illegal crossings in 2023 happened on this stretch, known as the Swanton Sector.

Source: Migrants Face Cold, Perilous Crossing From Canada to New York

Quebec: Avec la baisse d’étudiants indiens, les collèges privés meurent à petit feu

Likely similar to what will happen elsewhere in Canada:

Battant des records d’inscriptions pendant la pandémie, les étudiants étrangers, surtout indiens, ont aujourd’hui déserté les collèges privés non subventionnés, a constaté Le Devoir. Acculés à la faillite, ces établissements disent avoir été décimés par la nouvelle mesure d’immigration du gouvernement du Québec, qui a coupé l’accès au permis de travail postdiplôme.

« Notre réseau est en train de mourir », a laissé tomber Ginette Gervais, présidente de l’Association des collèges privés non subventionnés du Québec (ACPNS). « Certains vont tirer leur épingle du jeu, mais ceux qui s’étaient tournés vers l’international pour avoir plus de clientèle vont avoir du mal. »

Selon des données fournies par le ministère de l’Immigration, de la Francisation et de l’Intégration (MIFI), le nombre d’étudiants étrangers fréquentant ces collèges est en chute libre. Alors qu’ils étaient plus de 10 000 pendant les années de la pandémie — avec un record d’inscrits de 19 000 en 2020-2021 —, ils étaient à peine plus de 1300 à la rentrée scolaire de 2023-2024. 

Les étudiants d’origine indienne, qui constituaient alors plus de 85 % de la clientèle étrangère, n’en représentent plus que 5 %. En effet : seulement 78 étudiants indiens étaient inscrits dans ces collèges privés à l’automne dernier alors qu’ils ont déjà été plus de 17 000.

Cette baisse coïncide avec la décision prise en 2022 par les ex-ministres de l’Enseignement supérieur et de l’Immigration, Danielle McCann et Jean Boulet, qui avaient convaincu Ottawa de réserver l’accès au permis de travail postdiplôme uniquement aux immigrants diplômés d’un programme d’étude subventionné.  Entrée en vigueur le 1er septembre dernier, la nouvelle mesure a ainsi coupé l’accès à un permis de travail qui pouvait éventuellement mener à la résidence permanente.

Selon le MIFI, ce changement visait à protéger « l’intégrité » en lien avec le recrutement de ces étudiants étrangers, et à contrer des « stratagèmes d’immigration » confirmés par une enquête du ministère de l’Enseignement supérieur. « Plusieurs établissements privés, en grande majorité anglophones, servaient de passerelle à la résidence permanente et au permis de travail pour des ressortissants indiens et chinois », a-t-on affirmé au cabinet de la ministre de l’Immigration. Des médias, dont Le Devoir, avaient levé le voile sur les pratiques douteuses de certains de ces établissements et des problèmes liés à la qualité de l’enseignement.

Une mesure qui fait mal

Ginette Gervais, de l’ACPNS, l’affirme sans équivoque : la mesure de Québec a été « le premier coup » donné à la trentaine d’établissements privés qu’elle représente. « La perte du permis de travail postdiplôme a causé beaucoup de dommages », dit-elle, en mentionnant que la goutte qui a fait déborder le vase est l’exigence de la connaissance du français pour obtenir une attestation d’études collégiales (AEC). 

« S’ils n’ont plus d’étudiants, ça va être difficile pour les collèges de survivre. » Depuis les dix dernières années, devant la diminution du nombre d’inscrits québécois, ces collèges s’étaient mis au recrutement international. « Tout le monde, même les universités et les cégeps, s’était tourné vers l’international. Et nous, on a bénéficié du fait qu’on offrait des formations plus courtes. » 

Président de Collège Canada, qui possède cinq campus partout au Québec, Cyrus Shani ne peut que constater que d’enlever l’accès au permis de travail a fait très mal. « L’impact est immense », a-t-il confié au Devoir. « On avait 5000 étudiants internationaux et locaux, mais depuis les changements, on est tombé à 300 ! »

Fondé en 1976, son collège a d’abord été une école de langues avant d’obtenir en 2003 un permis pour donner des formations de niveau collégial. « Mes collèges ne sont pas rentables. Mais j’ai d’autres compagnies, j’ai une clinique aussi, et c’est ce qui me permet de sauver mes activités d’enseignement », a expliqué M. Shani.

Il dit ne pas en vouloir au gouvernement, mais plutôt aux collèges et aux agences de recrutement qui ont nui. Certains actionnaires de la firme de recrutement Rising Phoenix International avaient d’ailleurs fait l’objet d’une enquête par l’Unité permanente anticorruption (UPAC). « La réglementation, c’est une bonne chose », convient-il. Sauf qu’elle a mené à l’agonie de nombreux établissements qui ne le méritaient pas, selon lui, et que cela prive le gouvernement « de millions en retombées économiques ».

Un collège fermé

L’Institut supérieur d’informatique, qui a offert des formations de niveau collégial pendant 25 ans, a été contraint de fermer ses portes en novembre 2022. « On s’est accroché aussi longtemps qu’on a pu », a dit Henriette Morin, qui dirigeait le collège. Plusieurs difficultés, notamment un litige avec Rising Phoenix International, ont sapé toutes les ressources financières de l’école qui a dû faire faillite. « On a fait le maximum pour que les étudiants puissent récupérer leur argent », a tenu à préciser Mme Morin.

Le resserrement autour de l’octroi du permis de travail n’est pas étranger aux problèmes vécus. « Tout ça est lié », note-t-elle. Le fait que son établissement ait tenté de recruter des étudiants indiens, dont l’afflux massif soulevait plusieurs questions au sein du gouvernement, n’a pas aidé. « Qui sait ce qui serait arrivé si on avait tenté de recruter des étudiants en Afrique francophone et au Maghreb. Mais on leur accordait beaucoup moins facilement de visa. »

Pour la présidente de l’ACPNS, les collèges privés non subventionnés n’auront d’autres choix que de se redéfinir et trouver de nouveaux marchés. « Mais ça ne se fait pas en claquant des doigts, soutient Ginette Gervais. On a bien essayé d’expliquer notre réalité [au gouvernement] et les impacts que [ses décisions] ont eus sur nos activités, mais on a très peu d’écoute. »

Si les collèges privés non subventionnés sont « morts » dans leur forme actuelle, ils devront se réinventer, croit aussi Cyrus Shani, de Collège Canada. « En attendant, on vit au jour le jour et on espère que Québec va faire des changements qui vont aider les bons collèges, ceux qui contribuent réellement à la société québécoise. »

Source: Avec la baisse d’étudiants indiens, les collèges privés meurent à petit feu

In Bid to Curb Immigration, France to Scrap Birthright Citizenship in Mayotte

Always found French overseas territories odd and suspect that other overseas territories may also be vulnerable to losing this birthright, despite the official denial:

Children of immigrants born in Mayotte, the French overseas territory situated between Madagascar and the African mainland, will no longer automatically become French citizens, Interior Minister Gerald Darmanin said late on Sunday.

“It will no longer be possible to become French if one is not the child of French parents”, Darmanin told journalists upon his arrival on the island, announcing the scrapping of birthright citizenship there – a first in recent French history.

Located close to the impoverished Comoro islands off the East African coast, the former French colony has become the centre of fierce social unrest, with many residents blaming undocumented immigration for the deteriorating conditions.

Much poorer than mainland France, Mayotte has been shaken by gang violence and social unrest for decades. The situation has recently worsened amid a water shortage.

Since January, island residents have been staging strikes and erecting roadblocks to protest against what they say are unacceptable living conditions, paralyzing large parts of local infrastructure.

The reform, which Darmanin said was the idea of French President Emmanuel Macron, will require a change of the constitution.

It comes less than three weeks after France’s highest court scrapped large parts of a new immigration law designed to toughen access to welfare benefits for foreigners and curb the number of new arrivals into the country.

Immigration is a hot-button issue in France, one of Europe’s strongholds for far right anti-immigration parties.

Darmanin said, however, that “there is no question of doing this for other territories of the Republic.”

Source: In Bid to Curb Immigration, France to Scrap Birthright Citizenship in Mayotte

Keller: On immigration, the sum of Canada’s special interests is not the national interest

Nails it (money quote: “Even the government appears to have been largely unaware of its own actions, and even more ignorant of their consequences.”:

…When government makes policy, it usually consults with all of the stakeholders. It takes notes. It aims to please. And on temporary immigration, Humpty Dumpty had a great fall because he did exactly what all the king’s stakeholders and all the king’s lobbyists told him to do.

The business lobby said there was an economy-wide labour shortage – there isn’t, but sit through enough business stakeholder meetings and you’ll believe it. The solution was unlimited recruitment of low-wage overseas workers.

Colleges and universities said they needed an ever-growing number of student visas, their provincial masters mostly agreed, and business applauded because visa students were another low-wage work stream. A Quebec government that loudly demanded lower immigration quietly pressed for ever more temporary foreign workers. And progressive activists pushed for the lowering of all barriers to coming to Canada or remaining.

Year after year, the Liberals gave the stakeholders what they wanted. In a government-as-client-service model, it read like a success story.

But the sum of a bunch of narrow special interests does not add up to the national interest. It’s a pity this government didn’t figure that out sooner.

Source: On immigration, the sum of Canada’s special interests is not the national interest