A Columbia genocide scholar says she may leave over university’s new definition of antisemitism

Of note:

For years, Marianne Hirsch, a prominent genocide scholar at ColumbiaUniversity, has used Hannah Arendt’s book about the trial of a Nazi war criminal, “Eichmann in Jerusalem: A Report on the Banality of Evil,” to spark discussion among her students about the Holocaust and its lingering traumas. 

But after Columbia’s recent adoption of a new definition of antisemitism, which casts certain criticism of Israel as hate speech, Hirsch fears she may face official sanction for even mentioning the landmark text by Arendt, a philosopher who criticized Israel’s founding. 

For the first time since she started teaching five decades ago, Hirsch, the daughter of two Holocaust survivors, is now thinking of leaving the classroom altogether.

“A university that treats criticism of Israel as antisemitic and threatens sanctions for those who disobey is no longer a place of open inquiry,” she told The Associated Press. “I just don’t see how I can teach about genocide in that environment.”

Hirsch is not alone. At universities across the country, academics have raised alarm about growing efforts to define antisemitism on terms pushed by the Trump administration, often under the threat of federal funding cuts. 

Promoted by the International Holocaust Remembrance Alliance, the definition lists 11 examples of antisemitic conduct, such as applying “double standards” to Israel, comparing the country’s policies to Nazism or describing its existence as “a racist endeavor.”

Ahead of a $220 million settlement with the Trump administration announced Wednesday, Columbia agreed to incorporate the IHRA definition and its examples into its disciplinary process. It has been endorsed in some form by Harvard, Yale and dozens of other universities. 

While supporters say the semantic shift is necessary to combat evolving forms of Jewish hate, civil liberties groups warn it will further suppress pro-Palestinian speech already under attack by President Donald Trump. …

Source: A Columbia genocide scholar says she may leave over university’s new definition of antisemitism

Antisemitism envoy says resignation prompted by frustration over ‘not connecting’ with anti-hate message

Dispiriting. But kudos for Lyons for opening sharing her frustrations and critiques regarding the silence of business and faith leaders. Most despairing comment to me was this reference to silos:

“Lyons told The Canadian Jewish News that Amira Elghawaby, the federal government’s special representative on combating Islamophobia, tried to work with Lyons on fighting hate, citing an apparently shelved plan to visit provincial education ministers together.

“Neither my community, nor her community, were happy all the time to see us in pictures together,” Lyons said. “There were often people who just simply didn’t want me participating in respectful dialogues, or wouldn’t come into the room.””

Ottawa’s outgoing envoy for tackling antisemitism is accusing Canada’s business sector and civil society of failing to call out a rising tide of hate against Jews and other minorities.

In an extensive interview with The Canadian Jewish News, Deborah Lyons also said she could not get a meeting with Conservative Leader Pierre Poilievre during her nearly two-year term.

In a statement sent to The Canadian Press, the Conservatives said that Lyons was “powerless” in her job.

Lyons resigned early in her term as Canada’s special envoy on preserving Holocaust remembrance and combating antisemitism. She said her decision reflected her “despair” over the growing gulf in society over violence in the Middle East and the failure of many Canadians to find common ground against hate.

“People were listening and hearing on different frequencies, and so we just were not connecting,” said Lyons. “That was where the big despair comes from.”

She said her work wasn’t made any easier by the silence of corporate leaders “whom I asked many times to stand up,” and by faith leaders who seemed to keep quiet on the suffering of people from other religions.

“I was incredibly disappointed with business leaders,” she said.

“We have a tendency to want to blame politicians all the time, but where have the faith leaders been? Where have the priests and ministers and rabbis and imams and so forth (been)?”

Lyons said that some community leaders did ask for her help in finding the right words to speak out against hate — because they feared that they would offend one community if they stood up for another.

“I’ve been really quite amazed — and often become quite despondent and despairing — about the fact that it was hard to get people to speak up. To speak with clarity, to speak with conviction,” she said.

“The mark of a country is not the courage of its military. It is the courage of its bystanders.”

The Canadian Press has requested an interview with Lyons but has not yet had a response.

Lyons told The Canadian Jewish News that Amira Elghawaby, the federal government’s special representative on combating Islamophobia, tried to work with Lyons on fighting hate, citing an apparently shelved plan to visit provincial education ministers together.

“Neither my community, nor her community, were happy all the time to see us in pictures together,” Lyons said. “There were often people who just simply didn’t want me participating in respectful dialogues, or wouldn’t come into the room.”

She said that indicates a “weakening” in the ability of both Canadian society and the broader western world to stand for common human values.

Lyons said she lacked the energy at times to bridge that gap.

“I held back from having some discussions, because I knew there was going to be animosity, or I wasn’t going to be welcome in the room. It disappoints me,” she said.

Lyons said she could not get a meeting with Poilievre despite requesting one and having a cordial chat with him during an event.

“I tried to meet with Mr. Poilievre when I was in the job, and in the end I got a response that he was too busy to meet with me,” she said.

In a statement attributed to Conservative deputy leader Melissa Lantsman, the party did not dispute Lyons’ version of events.

“While communities face increasing threats, vandalism, intimidation and violence over the last 20 months, the Liberals deflected responsibility to a powerless envoy,” says the statement.

“We are ready to meet with the government at any point, because they’re the only ones with the power, the tools and the responsibility to do something — and they have done absolutely nothing to date.”

Statistics Canada reported this week a slight increase in police-reported hate crimes in 2024 compared with a year prior, and a very slight drop in those against Jewish people, who remain the most targeted group in Canada.

Lyons accused all three levels of government of failing to adequately co-ordinate their responses to hate, saying that issues like car theft or tariffs are seen as more tangible.

She said Prime Minister Mark Carney seemed engaged and requested a meeting with her, though she added it was not possible to meet with him before the July 8 date of her departure.

Lyons said she is leaving her job three months early not for health reasons but rather to restore “a little bit of the joy back into life” through retirement.

She said she would have liked to continue, but described the envoy role as more difficult than her stints as ambassador to Afghanistan and Israel.

“It was without question the toughest job I ever did.”

Source: Antisemitism envoy says resignation prompted by frustration over ‘not connecting’ with anti-hate message

French: Christian Cancel Culture Strikes Again

Good take:

…Yes, there is hypocrisy here. It’s a bit much to hear that it’s vitally important for Chip and Joanna Gaines to reject two gay dads (and their children!) from Christians who are also all in on Donald Trump. A gay couple on reality television is a bridge too far, but supporting a thrice-married man who was featured on the cover of Playboy magazine and was once good friends with Jeffrey Epstein is not?

But in another way, they’re not hypocrites at all: They’re budding authoritarians, and for authoritarians, a principle like “tolerance for me and not for thee” is entirely consistent. Authoritarians, after all, are supposed to rule.

When you possess a burning sense of certainty in your moral vision, intolerance is always a temptation. If you give your opponents a platform, won’t that lead some people astray? If error creates injustice (or worse, leads people to the gates of hell), why should error have any rights?

Think of the sense of entitlement here. On one hand, evangelicals say, “How dare you discriminate against us in the workplace,” and then turn around and tell a fellow evangelical couple, “You’re betraying us unless you discriminate against gay men at your job.” Evangelicals aren’t a superior class of citizen. We don’t get to enjoy protection from discrimination and the right to discriminate at the same time.

In times of religious and political conflict, I turn to two very different historic figures — the Apostle Paul and James Madison. In what might be some of the most ignored verses in the New Testament, Paul warned early Christians against imposing the same moral standards on those outside the church as those inside.

“I wrote to you in my letter not to associate with sexually immoral people,” Paul said in 1 Corinthians, “not at all meaning the people of this world who are immoral, or the greedy and swindlers, or idolaters. In that case you would have to leave this world.”

“What business is it of mine to judge those outside the church?” Paul asks. “Are you not to judge those inside? God will judge those outside. ‘Expel the wicked person from among you.’”

One of the fundamental problems with the American evangelical church is that it so often gets that equation exactly backward. It is remarkably permissive of abusive Christian individuals and institutions — especially if those individuals or institutions are powerful or influential — even as it can be remarkably hostile toward those people outside the church.

Evangelicals then compound the problem by viewing with deep suspicion and mistrust those people who blow the whistle on church misconduct while revering those people who are “bold” and “brave” enough to focus their fire on everyone else.

Paul’s words represent basic Christianity. Jesus himself admonished his disciples to remove the planks from their own eyes before trying to remove the “speck of sawdust” from someone else’s, and he warned that “you will be judged by the same standard with which you judge others.”

This doesn’t mean that we can’t or shouldn’t make moral judgments, but rather that we should do so with extreme humility, focusing on addressing our own flaws first.

But that’s a command to believing Christians. How should we all deal with disagreement on fundamental matters?

In Federalist No. 10, Madison wrestled with the question of how to create a lasting republic that would invariably include a broad range of competing factions. It’s easy for us to look back at the founding and dismiss its diversity by comparison to our own. After all, the founders were mainly a collection of relatively privileged Protestant white men.

That statement is true, but incomplete. Early America was remarkably diverse by the standards of the day. The religious complexity of early America was its own small miracle. When Europe encountered similar divisions, it descended into the Wars of Religion and drenched itself in blood.

The Wars of Religion are ancient history to us, but they were much more present in the Colonial era. The Wars of Religion were as recent to James Madison as World War I is to us, and they were destructive on a vast scale. The challenge of genuine religious diversity was very much on the founders’ minds.

How do you live in a pluralistic republic without abandoning your core convictions? Madison admonished us not to yield to two related temptations. Don’t try to diminish liberty and don’t try to establish uniformity of opinion.

Instead, he said, the answer was to “extend the sphere” of the republic, to “take in a greater variety of parties and interests.” In this circumstance, “you make it less probable that a majority of the whole will have a common motive to invade the rights of other citizens.”

The sphere of the American republic extends to conservative evangelicals and to gay dads. It includes people who believe every word of the Bible is inspired by the Holy Spirit and those who think it’s no more credible than a comic book. One of the beauties of our culture at its best is that no side of the American divide has to abandon any of its core convictions to enter the public square or to engage in the stream of American commerce….

Source: Christian Cancel Culture Strikes Again

ICYMI – Gee: A party to celebrate a mistake

More on ill-advised naming decisions:

…Sankofa Square is the obscure new name for Yonge-Dundas Square, the one-acre public space at the corner of Yonge and Dundas streets, right across from the Eaton Centre. Sankofa Day, its organizers tell us, is another name for the International Day for the Remembrance of the Slave Trade and its Abolition.

In 2021, the city government decided to erase the name Dundas from the square bearing his name. It was a time when statues were being toppled and historical figures cancelled in the name of social justice. 

Henry Dundas was a leading British statesman of the Georgian era. His critics say he was responsible for delaying the end of the trans-Atlantic slave trade. His defenders say he was a sincere opponent of slavery who orchestrated a tactical delay in parliament to pave the way for eventual abolition.

City councillors brushed aside these complexities and voted to rename the square, though not the street (which would be too expensive). Various new names were kicked around. One suggestion was Lightfoot Square, after the iconic singer who played many times at Massey Hall around the corner. But, no, that would have been too easy.

Instead, the city struck a committee: the Recognition Review Community Advisory Committee, in fact. After what the group that runs the square calls “two years of careful work,” it announced its choice. Yonge-Dundas Square would become Sankofa Square. 

Torontonians were understandably bewildered. They still are. What or who is Sankofa? The square’s website explains that “Sankofa (SAHN-koh-fah) is a Twi word from the Akan Tribe of Ghana that loosely translates to, ‘go back and get it.’” The phrase “encourages learning from the past to inform the future.”

A-ha. Not surprisingly, the name has failed to catch on. Does anybody ever say, “Meet you at Sankofa Square?”

The name has no connection to Toronto or its history. Worse, after the name came out, critics pointed out that the Akan people themselves once kept and traded slaves. Awkward….

Source: A party to celebrate a mistake

Khan: I’m not offended when people praise my spoken English

…These days, the people who most often compliment my spoken English are Uber drivers from the Middle East or South Asia. Go figure. When I tell them I’ve been in Canada for more than 50 years, they understand. And then we move on to other topics, learning a little about each other’s life experience.

I have been at the other end as well. Once in Petra, Jordan, I came across a local girl – no more than 10 or 11 years old – who was selling postcards and trinkets to tourists. Her English was impeccable; her diction divine. I couldn’t help but remark how well she spoke English, and asked her where she learned to speak so well. She pointed to a collection of buildings, beyond the surrounding hills. I could see satellite dishes. “BBC,” she said. I was amazed at her intelligence and ability to absorb linguistic skills. 

Language expectations can lead to comical situations. At one of my daughter’s soccer matches, the opposing coach was yelling instructions at his players in a thick Scottish brogue. I could barely understand a word. A fellow parent concurred. We both laughed at the imaginary scenario of a brown woman (me) yelling, “Speak English!” at a Caucasian male.

Not everyone sees these exchanges as innocuous. As Mr. Harris, the Liberian youth advocate, alluded, the main issue is the set of low expectations behind the compliment. Even though well-intentioned, it can be viewed as a “microaggression” – a term popularized by Columbia psychology professor Dr. Derald Wing Sue to describe “brief and commonplace daily verbal, behavioural or environmental indignities, whether intentional or unintentional, that communicate hostile, derogatory or negative attitudes toward stigmatized or culturally marginalized groups.” 

To be honest – and I speak only for myself – I haven’t figured out how sincerely complimenting my language skills is hostile, derogatory or a reflection of negative attitudes. As for expectations, the most important are those that I place on myself – not those held by others. And if someone appreciates my language skills, why not simply accept a simple act of kindness?

I do know that in our attempts to avoid offending sensitivities, we sometimes close the door to simple, personal communication that can actually strengthen common human ties. And if there are misunderstandings, these can be cleared up without causing too much fuss. Let’s have a bit more faith in the better side of human nature. 

Source: I’m not offended when people praise my spoken English

McWhorter: Listen Up. Ketanji Brown Jackson Is Speaking to You.

Nice post on the use of language. Plain language vs legalese:

When Justice Ketanji Brown Jackson wrote her ringing dissent in the case of Trump v. CASA, which severely curtailed the ability of lower courts to serve as a check on unlawful executive orders, she wanted to make abundantly clear the danger of what she regarded as a “seismic shock” to American legal norms. “Courts must have the power to order everyone (including the executive) to follow the law — full stop,” she wrote. She continued, in a voice dripping with sarcasm, “The majority sees a power grab — but not by a presumably lawless executive choosing to act in a manner that flouts the plain text of the Constitution. Instead, to the majority, the power-hungry actors are … (wait for it) … the district courts.”

Social media platforms exploded with outrage.

One user asked, in apparent disbelief, “Did Ketanji Brown Jackson actually pop that stupid little ‘wait for it’ gag in a SCOTUS opinion?” Another said the dissent “single-handedly degraded 235 years, four months, and 25 days of SCOTUS precedent.” The worst of them turned the justice’s language back on her as a weapon. “Ketanji Brown Jackson is … (wait for it) …” — well, I won’t repeat the insult here, but for good measure, commenter added, “full stop.”

Her critics were right to note that Justice Jackson was doing something unusual. And it wasn’t just those examples. She peppered the whole dissent with expressions like “Why all the fuss?” “Do not take my word for it,” “Here is what I mean,” and the assessment — again with unmistakable sarcasm — “That is some solicitation.”

You won’t find anything like that in Marbury v. Madison.

What’s striking about Justice Jackson’s turns of phrase is that they employ what we typically regard as oral language — spontaneous, spoken words — in an extremely serious written text. That choice and the blowback it encountered are a chance to consider the arbitrariness and narrowness of the conventions dictating how legal opinions should be written. The expectation that their language be timeless, faceless and Latinate is a matter of custom, not necessity. “Why all the fuss?” indeed.

Justice Jackson is, at 54, the second-youngest justice on the court. She was raised in the 1980s, a time when America’s writing culture was getting markedly less hidebound. Waving aside the hats and girdles and stuffy dance steps of old, the counterculture had shown America how to let its language hang out, too. A new, looser style of writing allowed a play between the oral and the written, and the result enriched the culture rather than impoverishing it.

I can’t speak for Justice Jackson, but that shift had a big impact on a great many people who grew up in that era’s wake. It definitely had a big impact on me. I write in what I hope is a conversational style. Like Justice Jackson, I have sometimes been scolded for it by people who would prefer that I write “with a tie on,” as it were.

Justice Jackson isn’t the only writer to experiment with mixing orality into rarefied texts. Saul Bellow reveled in the highflying lexicographic richness of the English language, but then every so often paused for a fillip of the colloquial. In “Seize the Day,” he describes a character in language so precise and vivid that it verges on poetry: “And in the dark tunnel, in the haste, heat, and darkness which disfigure and make freaks and fragments of nose and eyes and teeth, all of a sudden, unsought, a general love for all these imperfect and lurid-looking people burst out in Wilhelm’s breast. He loved them. One and all, he passionately loved them.” Just a bit later, Bellow renders the character’s thoughts, and he does so in the baggier structure of speech: “That’s the right clue and may do me the most good. Something very big. Truth, like.”

Key is the “Truth, like,” approximate and slangy, the way that the character would really talk and think. In its immediacy and urgency, oral language pulls us in, makes us listen once we have sat still. Weaving it together with a more formal written style is Bellovian jazz.

Back to Justice Jackson. Behind all the harrumphing is an assumption that language that is accessible cannot also be precise. But Justice Jackson’s own words show that this assumption is mistaken. “It is odd, to say the least,” she wrote, “that the court would grant the executive’s wish to be freed from the constraints of law by prohibiting district courts from ordering complete compliance with the Constitution. But the majority goes there.” The second-sentence shift to spoken language conveys fervor, urgency and concern, but it doesn’t lessen the scalpel-like precision of the first sentence. And its “Oh-no-you-didn’t!” informality heightens the sense that this is not a remote matter of merely academic interest.

And, as always, orality grabs your attention. Think about how much less powerful her point would be if she stuck to more traditional, formal language such as “the majority ventures this regardless.”

The evolution of language always encounters resistance, and sometimes outrage. When the word “ain’t” appeared in Webster’s Third New International Dictionary in 1961, purists freaked out — and The Times demanded its removal. That response didn’t age well, and neither does the hue and cry over Justice Jackson’s impassioned attempts to convey a sense of urgency. Call it Jacksonian jazz, if you like. But calling it stupid is just nastiness — full stop.

Source: Listen Up. Ketanji Brown Jackson Is Speaking to You.

Lederman: The Giller Prize was a rare CanLit success story. Now it might become a casualty of a foreign war

Sad (hope the authors who won previous Gillers and protested Scotiabank involvement with Israel have some second thoughts):

…Deep-pocketed institutions don’t sponsor culture to get embroiled in controversy. Who wants to pay all that money only to get booed and a PR black eye?

Who would want to sponsor the prize now? As the Giller people are finding out, what organization with that kind of money wants to risk being drawn into this drama? Which financial institution wants people scouring its records for any connection to Israel, followed by angry taunts and tweets? 

So now, the Giller wants the government to rescue it. Ha. In this economy? Ottawa is currently looking to cut spending. The federally funded Canada Council for the Arts already supports the Governor-General’s Literary Awards. And no doubt the Canada Council will also be looking for funding cuts. If Ottawa has more for CanLit, there are some struggling Canadian writers, publishers and independent bookstores that might like a word (and some cash). The arts are struggling right now, period – including the CanLit ecosystem. With fewer book reviews, and festivals under financial pressure, the Giller was a rare success story. 

Maybe the Giller reinvents itself, ditches the splashy gala, the pricey author tours. Maybe the prize money is reduced. Maybe the Giller folds, altogether.

That would be a big loss. And a very sad ending, indeed.

Source: The Giller Prize was a rare CanLit success story. Now it might become a casualty of a foreign war

Before the cuts: a bureaucracy baseline from an employment equity lens 

As this article is behind the Hill Times paywall, am sharing this analysis on my blog (have added Indigenous hiring, separation and promotion tables):

Hall | In a world of symbolic gestures, we challenged Canada to be better. Here’s how we did

Of note:

Five years ago, the world changed — and so did we.

In the wake of George Floyd’s murder and a global reckoning on racial injustice, we chose to act. In July 2020, more than 500 organizations across Canada joined us to say enough is enough: enough of looking the other way, and enough of a system that too often overlooks or sidelines Black Canadians while claiming to support progress.

The leaders of these organizations signed on to the BlackNorth Initiative Pledge committing to dismantle anti-Black racism in their organizations and beyond. They include CEOs, board chairs, and senior executives from Canada’s largest banks, law firms, corporations, universities, government agencies and non-profit institutions.

As we mark the five-year anniversary of the BlackNorth Initiative, we say with clarity and conviction: we have made change happen. It was not symbolic. It was structural.

Executives have been hired. Boards have diversified. Procurement systems have been restructured. Black youth are breaking into sectors that once kept them out. Equity has moved from the margins of corporate decks to the core of strategic operations. We have redefined what leadership looks like in Canada and who gets to be seen as a leader.

The numbers bear this out. Notably, among TSX-listed companies that committed to the BlackNorth Initiative’s voluntary pledge, Black board representation reached 3.3 per cent, double that of non-BNI companies at 1.6 per cent. The proportion of Black executives also rose from 1.0 per cent in 2020 to 1.5 per cent in 2022, aligning with the 1.5 per cent representation seen among BNI signatories.

These findings underscore the power of voluntary commitments to drive real, systemic change and to foster greater inclusion at the highest levels of leadership.

And the results go beyond numbers. Companies that signed the pledge are speaking up. Leaders across sectors have testified that committing to the Pledge has strengthened their talent pipelines, innovation capacity, and overall performance.

This is the ripple effect of equity done right. Diverse companies are better companies.

And yet, even now, the urgency has not faded.

Wes Hall is the founder and chairman of the BlackNorth Initiative and founder & CEO of Kingsdale Advisors & Executive Chairman & Founder of WeShall Investments. Dahabo Ahmed Omer is the CEO of the BlackNorth Initiative.

Source: Opinion | In a world of symbolic gestures, we challenged Canada to be better. Here’s how we did

Idées | Critiquer l’Occident, oui, le liquider, non

Good reminder:

Pendant que la Chine emprisonne, que l’Iran torture et que la Russie assassine, certains intellectuels occidentaux continuent de tourner leur rage contre leur propre camp. À force de diaboliser la démocratie libérale au nom d’un anticolonialisme devenu pavlovien, on oublie une vérité simple : ici, on peut encore parler librement. Ailleurs, on se tait… ou on disparaît.

En ne voyant que nos fautes, on oublie que la démocratie libérale, malgré ses limites, reste le dernier cadre réformable. Elle n’est pas parfaite, mais elle demeure le seul système qui accepte d’être interrogé depuis l’intérieur, qui garantit aux citoyens le droit de contester sans peur et qui rend possible sa propre remise en cause.

« Hypocrisie d’un double discours », entend-on souvent comme propos délégitimant l’Occident. Pourtant, de nombreuses civilisations ont asservi ou dominé d’autres peuples. L’histoire humaine est saturée de conquêtes, de systèmes d’exploitation, de hiérarchies imposées. Les dynasties chinoises, les empires arabes, les royaumes africains ou européens ont tous pratiqué la violence. L’Occident n’a donc pas le monopole de la brutalité. Ce qui le distingue, ce n’est pas l’absence d’ignominie, mais la capacité à la reconnaître et à la contester. Si cette tradition d’autocritique s’effondre, elle laisse place à la complaisance, au cynisme, ou à l’indifférence face aux véritables luttes pour la liberté ailleurs dans le monde.

Les révolutions libérales des XVIIᵉ et XVIIIᵉ siècles en Angleterre, aux États-Unis et en France ont forgé un ordre inédit : séparation des pouvoirs, responsabilité des gouvernants, droits individuels, souveraineté populaire. Ces principes, imparfaits dans leur application, ont néanmoins produit des institutions capables de limiter les abus, d’encadrer l’arbitraire, de faire naître des contre-pouvoirs. C’est ici, plus qu’ailleurs, que l’esclavage a été aboli, que les femmes et les minorités ont conquis des droits, que la presse et les libertés académiques ont pu se déployer. Ces avancées ne sont pas abstraites : elles ont été arrachées de haute lutte. Et lorsque ces institutions sont contournées, comme ce fut récemment le cas aux États-Unis ou en Pologne, c’est l’ensemble du pacte démocratique qui vacille.

La société civile et les ONG jouent un rôle crucial. Associations, syndicats, mouvements citoyens et lanceurs d’alerte participent activement à la remise en question des dérives. Cette vitalité contraste avec la répression systématique qui frappe ces acteurs dans la plupart des régimes autoritaires.

Aujourd’hui, ce cadre est fragilisé. À droite, on rêve d’un ordre restauré, où l’autorité l’emporterait sur le débat. À gauche, certains milieux militants dénoncent la démocratie libérale comme une imposture. La critique est nécessaire, mais elle devient toxique lorsqu’elle ne vise que l’Occident, en épargnant les pires régimes actuels. La Chine, l’Iran ou la Russie sont parfois minimisés, voire réhabilités, au nom d’un anti-impérialisme devenu pavlovien. Le refus de nommer certaines oppressions est déjà une forme de complicité.

Ce phénomène n’est pas nouveau. L’histoire intellectuelle du XXe siècle en porte les traces : Foucault saluant la révolution iranienne de 1979, Sartre fermant les yeux sur les goulags, Aragon justifiant les crimes du stalinisme au nom de la fidélité au Parti. Ceux qui ont résisté à ces aveuglements — Camus, Aron, Koestler — ont souvent été moqués ou marginalisés. Le temps leur a donné raison. Mais la tentation demeure : celle de croire que tout ennemi de l’Occident est forcément porteur d’un avenir désirable. C’est une illusion. Elle pervertit la critique et dévoie la solidarité.

Encore aujourd’hui, certains réduisent l’Occident à ses fautes, tout en idéalisant un Sud supposé plus pur. Mais la Chine persécute ses minorités. L’Inde cède au nationalisme religieux. Le Qatar réprime la liberté d’expression. En Afrique, des conflits persistent, et la démocratie reste fragile. La Turquie muselle ses journalistes. La Hongrie d’Orbán sape l’indépendance de la justice, malgré les avertissements européens. Nul continent, nul régime n’échappe aux rapports de domination, au patriarcat ou à la violence d’État. Les oppositions binaires — Nord coupable, Sud innocent — obscurcissent les responsabilités réelles. Elles ne construisent rien.

La désinformation numérique aggrave ce brouillage. Des puissances autoritaires exploitent les failles des démocraties ouvertes pour y semer le doute, délégitimer la presse, fragmenter les opinions. Les réseaux sociaux, loin d’être de simples outils de mobilisation, servent aussi de caisses de résonance aux régimes qui nient la liberté. TikTok en Chine, RT en Russie, Al Jazeera au Qatar ou encore les campagnes de harcèlement idéologique sur X ou Facebook façonnent une vision du monde où tout se vaut… sauf l’Occident, toujours désigné coupable.

Critiquer l’Occident est légitime, même salutaire. Le condamner en bloc, sans nuances, au profit de régimes qui bâillonnent toute dissidence, est une faute morale. C’est ici, encore, que la liberté est pensable. Ici qu’un texte peut être écrit sans permission, qu’une voix peut s’élever sans craindre la prison, la torture ou l’exil. Ici que les débats peuvent être vifs, même désordonnés, mais encore possibles. Cette ouverture, fragile mais réelle, rend possibles la réforme, l’autocritique et l’émancipation.

Défendre l’Occident, ce n’est pas nier ses fautes ni s’enfermer dans l’autosatisfaction. C’est protéger ce qui rend la justice pensable, la liberté audible et la dissidence légitime. C’est refuser de troquer une démocratie imparfaite pour un autoritarisme sans pardon. C’est, aussi, se battre pour que l’universalisme démocratique ne soit pas abandonné aux nostalgiques d’empires ou aux cyniques postmodernes.

Comme le rappelait Churchill, la démocratie est la pire forme de gouvernement… à l’exception de toutes les autres.

Claude André Le signataire est enseignant en science politique et auteur.

Source: Idées | Critiquer l’Occident, oui, le liquider, non

While China imprisons, Iran tortures and Russia murders, some Western intellectuals continue to turn their rage against their own camp. By dint of demonizing liberal democracy in the name of an anti-colonialism that has become Pavlovian, we forget a simple truth: here, we can still speak freely. Elsewhere, we shut up… or we disappear.

By seeing only our faults, we forget that liberal democracy, despite its limits, remains the last reformable framework. It is not perfect, but it remains the only system that accepts to be questioned from within, that guarantees citizens the right to challenge without fear and that makes it possible to question its own.

“Hypocrisy of a double speech”, is often heard as a statement delegitimising the West. Yet many civilizations have enslaved or dominated other peoples. Human history is saturated with conquests, operating systems, imposed hierarchies. Chinese dynasties, Arab empires, African or European kingdoms have all practiced violence. The West therefore does not have a monopoly on brutality. What distinguishes it is not the absence of ignominy, but the ability to recognize and contest it. If this tradition of self-criticism collapses, it gives way to complacency, cynicism, or indifference to real struggles for freedom elsewhere in the world.

The liberal revolutions of the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries in England, the United States and France forged an unprecedented order: separation of powers, responsibility of rulers, individual rights, popular sovereignty. These principles, imperfect in their application, have nevertheless produced institutions capable of limiting abuses, of regulating arbitrariness, of giving rise to counter-powers. It is here, more than elsewhere, that slavery has been abolished, that women and minorities have won rights, that the press and academic freedoms have been able to unfold. These advances are not abstract: they have been wrested out of struggle. And when these institutions are bypassed, as was recently the case in the United States or Poland, it is the entire democratic pact that falters.

Civil society and NGOs play a crucial role. Associations, trade unions, citizens’ movements and whistleblowers are actively participating in the questioning of excesses. This vitality contrasts with the systematic repression that affects these actors in most authoritarian regimes.

Today, this framework is weakened. On the right, we dream of a restored order, where authority would prevail over debate. On the left, some militant circles denounce liberal democracy as an imposture. Criticism is necessary, but it becomes toxic when it only targets the West, sparing the current worst regimes. China, Iran or Russia are sometimes minimized, even rehabilitated, in the name of an anti-imperialism that has become Pavlovian. The refusal to name certain oppressions is already a form of complicity.

This phenomenon is not new. The intellectual history of the twentieth century bears the traces: Foucault saluting the Iranian revolution of 1979, Sartre closing his eyes to the gulags, Aragon justifying the crimes of Stalinism in the name of loyalty to the Party. Those who resisted these blindness – Camus, Aron, Koestler – were often mocked or marginalized. Time proved them right. But the temptation remains: that of believing that any enemy of the West is necessarily the bearer of a desirable future. It’s an illusion. It perverts criticism and deviates solidarity.

Even today, some reduce the West to its faults, while idealizing a supposedly purer South. But China is persecuting its minorities. India gave in to religious nationalism. Qatar represses freedom of expression. In Africa, conflicts persist, and democracy remains fragile. Turkey muzzles its journalists. Orbán’s Hungary undermines the independence of justice, despite European warnings. No continent, no regime escapes relations of domination, patriarchy or state violence. Binary oppositions — Guilty North, Innocent South — obscure real responsibilities. They don’t build anything.

Digital disinformation aggravates this scrambling. Authoritarian powers exploit the flaws of open democracies to sow doubt, delegitimize the press, and fragment opinions. Social networks, far from being simple mobilization tools, also serve as sounding boxes for regimes that deny freedom. TikTok in China, RT in Russia, Al Jazeera in Qatar or ideological harassment campaigns on X or Facebook shape a worldview where everything is worth… except the West, always called guilty.

Criticizing the West is legitimate, even salutary. Condemning him en bloc, without nuances, in favor of regimes that gag all dissent, is a moral fault. It is here, again, that freedom is thinkable. Here that a text can be written without permission, that a voice can rise without fear of prison, torture or exile. Here that the debates can be lively, even messy, but still possible. This opening, fragile but real, makes reform, self-criticism and emancipation possible.

Defending the West is not denying its faults or locking oneself in self-satisfaction. It is to protect what makes justice thinkable, audible freedom and legitimate dissent. It is to refuse to exchange an imperfect democracy for an authoritarianism without forgiveness. It is also fighting so that democratic universalism is not abandoned to the nostalgic of empires or the cynic postmoderns.

As Churchill recalled, democracy is the worst form of government… with the exception of all the others.

Claude André The signatory is a teacher of political science and author.